1. Fractal dimension as a tool for defining and measuring naturalness Dr. Caroline Hagerhall, SLU, Department of Landscape Planning Alnarp, Sweden http://www.lpal.slu.se/personal/carolineh.htm

2. What constitutes the naturalness? What is it in nature that makes attending to it effortless?

3. Frank Gehry's model for the New Guggenheim Museum, New York Gehry, Model for the Guggenheim MuseumGaudi, La Sagrada Familia

5. Jason Pollock painting Natural fractal pattern Sierpinski triangle Elliot wave fractal

6. Koch curve D 1,26Coast of Norway D 1,5

7. Hagerhall, C. M., Purcell, T. & Taylor, R. (2004). Fractal Dimension of Landscape Silhouette Outlines as a Predictor of Landscape Preference. Journal of Environmental Psychology. 24, 247-255.

12. Naturalness judgements are less affected by subjects´ background Consensus for a fractal dimension around 1.3 as most natural, and most preferred Waves and clouds have a dimension of 1.3 Fractal scenes with a dimension 1.3 - 1.5 have shown a damping effect on stress.

13. Can fractal properties help define general concepts like complexity and coherence? Can fractal properties, like self similarity between scales, explain why attending to natural environments is effortless?

14. The fractal dimension 1.3 is of particular importance to perceived naturalness. ….and possibly also to positive psychological and physiological responses?