1. 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 200 300 400 500 100 Respiratory Control Apneas Sleep Genetics Apnea Consequences Pulmonary physiology

2. A condition characterized by a pH= 7.38 and HCO3 = 32.

3. What is Respiratory acidosis or Hypoventilation?

4. A condition where there is waxing and waning of ventilation during sleep.

5. What is Cheyne-Stokes Respiration?

6. Young Female Patients have more of these stage-related events than male patients.

7. What are REM related apneas?

8. A patient with recurrent central apnea is the result of this mechanism?

9. What is High Loop Gain?

10. Hypoventilation during sleep has this definition.

11. What is a PCO2 increase greater than 10 mmHg, or a PCO2 higher than 50mmHg during sleep

12. Patient with emergent central apnea during CPAP titration has this condition.

13. What is Complex Sleep Apnea?

14. A name for central apneas occurring over five cycles of hyperpnea and apnea.

15. What is periodic breathing?

16. This apneic pattern of breathing is seen in premature infants.

17. What is apnea of prematurity?

18. These apneas during resting breathing are completely normal.

19. What is a post-sigh apnea?

20. The ICSD2 classification irregular breathing pattern as a result of Shy- Drager syndrome.

21. What is an apnea secondary to a neurologic disorder?

22. . A condition where there is a large tongue, wide spaced eyes, and obstructive sleep apnea.

23. What is Down’s syndrome

24. A 10 year old boy who exhibits sleep apnea and hypersomnia that remits every 3 months has this condition.

25. What is Klein-Levin syndrome?

26. Alanine repeat number of this gene determines the severity of the phenotype.

27. What is Phox2B?

28. A condition recurrent apneas during wakefulness and improves during sleep.

29. What is RETT syndrome

30. A knock out mouse for this peptide exhibits a reduction in hypercapnic drive as well as spontaneous drop attacks.

31. What is orexin?

32. A person with an AHI >15 has a 1.4OR of developing this cardiovascular risk factor.

33. What is a hypertension?

34. Awakens out of REM apneas during a PSG, reporting soldiers attacking and gets out of bed to punch out the window.

35. What is REM behavior disorder or RBD?

36. An obstructive apnea causes this specific stress on the left ventricle.

37. What is increased afterload?

38. The most consistent behavioral improvement with CPAP in a patient with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

39. What is Excessive Daytime Sleepiness? Also accept What is improved Quality of Life?

40. An arrhythmia occasionaly seen at the end of an obstructive apnea that can be treated with atropine but better treated with CPAP.

41. What is heart block?

42. Muscles required for exhalation during normal breathing at rest

43. What are none? (exhalation is passive at rest)

44. The type of obstruction depicted in the floow-volume loop.

45. What is an extrathoracic obstructive?

46. Define (mathematically) the respiratory quotient used to calculate the Aa gradient.

47. What is the amount of CO2 produced per unit of O2 consumed? (or some such variation)

48. Define compliance

49. What is volume/unit pressure?

50. V E = 10L/min, PaCO2 = 50mmHg 12.5L/min will do the trick.

51. What V E will reduce the PaCO2 to 40?