1. Direct Injection Reduced Emissions Improved Efficiency Presented By: Andrew Findlay Russell Schiermeier

2. Compared to a typical trail snowmobile:  Reduce HC, CO, and NO x Emissions  Minimize Sound Production  Improve Fuel Efficiency  Maintain Performance and Reliability

3. UI first participated in the CSC in 2001: the second year of the competition That year’s team mated a sno- cross chassis to a 750 cc four-stroke BMW motorcycle engine Multiple wins: 2002 and 2003 Four-strokes are already a commercially available solution Does not meet the needs of many consumers

4. Direct InjectionChassis Modifications  Adapt E-Tec Injectors to Polaris 600 engine  Design head for optimum piston chamber geometry  Implement power and control systems  Use sound absorbing and vibration damping materials to reduce noise output  Install direct drive to increase efficiency and decrease weight Clean, quiet two-stroke

5.  Preserving the right to ride in sensitive areas with new technology by improving the two-stroke engine  Less pollution  Increased gas mileage  Reduced cost for the outfitter  Increased range or lighter weight with smaller gas tank  Maintains stock power and handling characteristics  Minimal cost over production snowmobile

6.  E-Tec© low-pressure fuel injectors  More efficient than high- pressure air or fuel  Cylinder head  Combustion chamber with steep walls  MoTec M4 ECU and custom injector control system  55V power source Injector Spark Plug Combustion Chamber

8.  Taken in December, 2004  74% less HC + NO x and 41% less CO (5 mode weighted average) without a catalyst.  Displayed areas tuning was needed most.

9.  Injector  Head  Spark Plug  Fuel Cone  Piston  Cylinder Port Geometry  Cooling passages

10. Squish Area Dome Angle Improved near nozzle geometry Spark plug location Stock cooling passage geometry Dome Radius

11. ‘05 Squish Reduction Near nozzle geometry Improvement Shorter chamber ‘04

12. Cost of Implementation Less than $200 difference between stock and cost of implementing direct injection technology due to injectors, fuel pump and ECU Technology is used in the outboard industry whose standards are stricter than EPA standards for snowmobiles

13. Packaging Improve the look of a stock production snowmobile Packaging power source inside stock housing eliminates need for external alternator or battery Lightest weight at this years competition

14.  Continued production of two-stroke engine  Meeting the customer demand of the two- stroke power-to-weight ratio  Meeting emission standards  Minimize implementation cost by using currently available technology

15. Summary Direct-Injection solves many of current problems – Improves fuel efficiency – Reduces pollution emissions – Maintains stock power-to-weight ratio and handling – Feasible solution that is realistic

16. Thank You! Questions?