1. Semantic Technologies and Application to Climate Data M. Benno Blumenthal IRI/Columbia University CDW 2011-03-30/04-01

2. Triplets of Subject Property (or Predicate) Object URI’s identify things, i.e. most of the above Namespaces are used as a convenient shorthand for the URIs Inferred triples (RDFS, OWL, rules) {WOA} dc:title “World Ocean Atlas” {WOA} iridl:hasPart {Monthly} {dc:title} rdfs:isDefinedBy {dc:} RDF: single framework for writing multiple systems

3. blind monks examining an elephant John Godfrey Saxe (1816-1887) Multiple partial representations of objects described by data

4. Standard Metadata Users Datasets Tools Standard Metadata Schema/Data Services

5. Standard metadata schema Tools Users Datasets Standard Metadata Schema RDF Tools Users Datasets Standard Metadata Schema RDF Tools Users Datasets Standard Metadata Schem RDF RDF Data Model Exchange RDF Tools Users Datasets Standard Metadata Schema RDF Tools Users Datasets Standard Metadata Schema RDF

6. Models, Crosswalks, and Objects Structure of the RDF information that we are using to represent data objects in multiple frameworks (see full figure) full figure

7. Data Server leads to URI IRI data library is a pure REST interface, so that there is a URL for everything: dataset, variable, series of analysis filters on variables, image, datafile. RDF can thus be used to annotate everything.

8. IRI Data Library Overview IRI Data Collection Generalized Data Tools Specialized Data Tools Dataset Variable ivar multidimensional Data Viewer Data Language Maproom URL/URI for data, calculations, figs, etc

9. IRI Data Collection Dataset Variable ivar Calculations “virtual variables” images graphics descriptive and navigational pages OpenGIS WMS/WCS KML Data Files netcdf binary images Clients OpenDAP THREDDS Tables Servers OpenDAP THRED DS GRIB netCDF images binary Database Tables queries spreadsheet s shapefiles images w/proj IRI Data Collection

10. Dataset Objects

11. Crosswalk to Faceted Search

12. Faceted Search http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/ontologies/query2.pl?...

13. Crosswalk to DIF-CD Records

14. Sample DIF-CD IRIDL_ENSO_Climate_Impacts_ENSO_PRCP_Prob_Australia ENSO Climate Impacts ENSO PRCP Prob Australia ENSO Climate Impacts ENSO PRCP Prob Australia http://iridl.ldeo.columbia.edu/maproom/.ENSO/.Climate_Impacts/.ENSO_PRCP_Prob/index.html? map.lon.plotfirst=100&map.lon.plotlast=180&map.lat.plotfirst=- 55&map.lat.plotlast=0&map.lat.units=degree_north&map.lon.units=degree_east EARTH SCIENCE ATMOSPHERE PRECIPITATION PRECIPITATION RATE

15. XML Schema to Owl Translation Based on existing software, but extended Bi-directional, enough information is preserved to generate conforming XML documents (a Java class extracts XML elements from a triple store) Structure is in the schema information, not the instance Fixed xslt converts instance files to RDF

16. XML Schema to Owl Translation XML Schema – instance translation is essentially an alternate RDF/XML representation where only the properties are nested –A standard XML file has all blank-node entities –XML schema with rdf:about/rdf:resource can have uri entities makes sense that the instance file does not explicitly type all the elements.

17. Data Servers Ontologies MMI JPL Standards Organizations Start Point RDF/XML-Schema Crawler XSLT/GRDDL ingest XML Schema to OWL translation Owl Semantics SWRL Rules SeRQL CONSTRUCT Search Queries Location Canonicalizer Time Canonicalizer Sesame Search Interface bibliography IRI RDF Architecture

18. SSWAP Simple Semantic Web Architecture and Protocol A way of providing a service that semantically describes its domain and range to advertise it. To invoke it, both domain and range are restricted. Traditionally we specify of chain of processing steps, and provenance documents that effort. SSWAP specifies an object by constraining it – you could specify its provenance to get it “traditionally”, or some other quality.

19. Multiplicity of Data Representations RDF provides a unifying framework to simultaneous hold and deliver dataset metadata according to multiple standards Models, Crosswalks, and Objects organizes that framework clarifying the semantic distance spanned bidirectional XML Schema to OWL translation enables delivery of inferred metadata to existing XML-based systems Persistence with inference/transform is the underlying technology Semantic Service Framework could extend this framework to semantically-informed workflow generation