1. Welcome to CJ 101 Seminar Final Seminar Take a deep breath and relax We’ll be starting on the hour ~ J. C. Paez

2. Unit 9 Final Essay Requirements Write a three-page paper that answers all three of the following questions: 1.How does our correctional system punish offenders? 2.How does our correctional system rehabilitate offenders? 3.Which method is more effective in reducing crime, punishment or rehabilitation? Explain your choice.

3. Final Essay Requirements A minimum of three references One reference can be the course textbook The other reference should come from the Kaplan library. Be sure to list sources on reference page. DO NOT use Wikipedia as a reference.

4. Final Essay Requirements Paper must follow the following format: Page 1 – Cover page, ( essay title, name, course, professor) Pages 2, 3 and 4 – Body of text Page 5 – Reference page

5. Final Essay Requirements Write a full 3 pages for your body of text. Your paper should be written in size 12 font and double spaced. Acceptable fonts Include: Times New Roman, Arial, & Courier. Submit the assignment to the Dropbox by the end of Unit 9 in the basket titled Unit 9: Final Essay

6. Prisons and Jails

7. Food for Thought! “To put people behind walls and bars and do little or nothing to change them is to win a battle but lose a war. It is wrong. It is expensive. It is stupid.” - Former Chief Justice Warren E. Burger (1907-1995)

8. Physical Punishment vs. Incarceration Before the development of prisons, physical punishments were commonly used on criminal offenders.

9. 1. flogging 2. mutilation 3. branding 4. public humiliation 5. workhouses 6. exile Types of early punishments

10. Flogging The last officially sanctioned flogging of a criminal offender in the United States was in Delaware on June 16, 1952, when a burglar received 20 lashes. 1994, the flogging in Singapore of Michael Fay, an American teenager convicted of spray- painting parked cars.

11. Conversation for Thought! In your opinion, which one of the old time punishments might serve a purpose in dealing with some of today’s offenders? Why or why not?

12. 1. flogging 2. mutilation 3. branding 4. public humiliation 5. workhouses 6. exile Old Time Punishments

14. Jails Are a locally operated short term confinement facilities originally built to hold suspects following arrest and pending trial. A 2005 report by Bureau of justice statistics; found that the nation’s jails held 713,990 inmates - 12% of whom were women.

15. Jails are often run by sheriffs or the local government. Jails operate work release programs, boot camps, and other specialized services. Jails tend to address educational needs, substance abuse needs, and vocational needs more then prisons.

16.  There are, approximately 1,325 state prisons and 84 federal prisons are in operation across the country today.  Federal Prisons are designed to house the more serious offenders.  There still exist “Workhouse” type prisons where inmates still work for the state or produce products for use by the state.

17. Differences Prison According to the Department of Justice, as many as 1.5 million people are in prisons in the U.S. Long-term sentences are served in prison State-run or Federally-run Bureau of Prisons, or Private-run facilities Prisoners are already convicted and serving time Jail Approximately 715,000 people are in jail in the U.S. Sentences of less than 1 year are served in jail Run by local Sheriff or local government Some prisoners are awaiting trial

18. Women Inmates Although women number only 12% of the country’s jail population, they are the largest growth group in jails nationwide. The proportion of women in jails across the nation has steadily risen during the past two decades. Why?

19. Women Inmates Less than half of all women inmates are high school graduates. Drug abuse - more than 30% of women inmates are have a substance-abuse problem at the time of admission. In some parts of the country, that figure may be as high as 70%.

20. Women Inmates ■ Few facilities for women have programs especially designed for female offenders. ■ Few major disturbances or escapes are reported among female inmates. ■ Substance abuse among female inmates is very high. ■ Few work assignments are available to female inmates.

21. Recidivism A 1978 study showed that nearly 70% of young adults paroled from prison in 22 states were rearrested for serious crimes one or more times within six years of their release. The study group was estimated to have committed 36,000 new felonies within the six years following their release, including 324 murders, 231 rapes, 2,291 robberies, and 3,053 violent assaults.

22. Recidivism 46% of recidivists would have been in prison at the time of their readmission to prison if they had served the maximum term to which they had originally been sentenced.

23. Work Release A prison program through which inmates are temporarily released into the community to meet job responsibilities. Advantages? Disadvantages?

24. Prison Population Between 1980 and 2005, state and federal prison populations more than quadrupled, from 329,000 inmates to almost 1.5 million.

25. Incarceration costs average $62 per inmate per day at both the state and federal levels. Prison systems across the nation face spiraling costs as the number of inmates grows and as the age of the inmate population increases. In 2001, the cost of running the nation’s prisons approached $60 billion. Costs

26. The Future A shift away from traditional publicly run facilities to jails that are operated by private corporations under contract with local government.

27. Gradebook Take a look at your gradebook: 1.Complete option 2 missed seminars 2.Take quizzes – or re-take for better grade 3.Other assignments; Unit 1 assignment, Unit 3/4 power point project.

28. Final Thoughts “If you think you can, or if you think you can’t – you’re right” - Henry Ford

29. Final Thoughts “I have had the experience in life of having been taught by many who did not realize they were teachers.” - Maya Angelou

30. Good Luck! Your success is my #1 concern Contact me: jpaez@kaplan.edu