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The Great Migration From the South to the North.

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Presentation on theme: "The Great Migration From the South to the North."— Presentation transcript:

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7 The Great Migration From the South to the North

8 Facts about the Great Migration Between 1910 and 1930 Black Americans move from the South to the North Over 1 million participated! Destination: New York, Chicago, Detroit, Cleveland, Indianapolis, Philadelphia, St. Louis, Cincinnati, and Pittsburgh In 1910…89% of Blacks lived in the South, 80% in rural areas By the end of 1920…40% lived in cities

9 Hard, back-breaking labor day in and day out

10 PUSH FACTORS (Pushing Blacks out of the South) 1913-1915: Falling cotton prices brought on an economic depression Boll weevil insects destroy cotton crop Severe floods destroy houses and farms along the Mississippi River Jim Crow Laws in the South: Segregated schools, restaurants, hotels, railroad cars, and hospitals Black were kept from voting due to a literacy test and a poll tax (this didn’t apply to Whites)

11 Pushing Blacks out of the South Falling cotton prices Severe floods destroy land Boll Weevil attacks crops Jim Crow laws

12 “…I am fed up With Jim Crow laws, People who are cruel And afraid, Who lynch and run, Who are scared of me And me of them I pick up my life And take it away On a one-way ticket- Gone up North Gone out West Gone!”

13 PULL FACTORS (Pulling Blacks into the North) Northern industries were having an economic boom! WWI had limited European immigration North needs workers Americans who go off to war…leave their jobs open Railroad companies pay their travel expense Labor recruiters visit the South Salaries higher in the North #s of strikes in the North because unions began to organize and demand decent wages…Blacks were willing to become replacement workers Black newspapers encourage Blacks to move

14 Moving North… “Some said goodbye cheerfully…others fearfully, with terrors of known dangers in their mouths…others in eagerness for distance said nothing. The daybreak found them gone. The wind said North.” -Zora Neale Hurston

15 How Blacks were received in the North Tensions had escalated Summer of 1919…More than 25 urban race riots NAACP urged Blacks to protest racial violence Antilynching laws weren’t passed…but the number of lynchings dropped Whites were alarmed!

16 How Blacks were received in the North… East St. Louis Race Riot of 1917 –Whites were angry about Black workers in a factory holding government contracts –One of the worst incidents of racial antagonism in the US during WWI –Whites stabbed, clubbed, and hung blacks; driving 6,000 from their homes. 40 Blacks and 8 Whites were killed.

17 The Chicago Defender The most influential black newspaper in the US in the early and mid-20 th century Played a leading role in this northern migration by Blacks Founded in 1905 by Robert S. Abbott Attacking white oppression and lynchings of Blacks Langston Hughes held a popular column Encouraged Blacks to escape racism  move North!

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19 What slowed this migration down? The Great Depression after 1929 (the Stock Market Crash)…the economy was no longer booming World War II (many Black Americans sign up for the war)


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