1. GEOGRAPHY AND THE SOCIAL STUDIES Steve Jennings Associate Professor University of Colorado Colorado Springs

2. WHAT IS GEOGRAPHY? Geography is not just memorizing a list of places, but it is understanding the distribution of people and objects on the Earth’s surface in order to understand the interaction between those people and objects.

3. CORNERSTONES Cornerstones of Geographical Inquiry Location Conditions Connections Region

4. GEOGRAPHER’S APPROACH Geographers organize features on the Earth’s surface in spatial terms. http://people.hofstra.edu/geotrans/eng/ch6en/conc6en/sectornuclei.html

5. GEOGRAPHER’S TOOLS Geographers use technology like GPS and GIS to understand the spatial distributions. www.directionsmag.com/article.php?article_id=228 http://siteground168.com/~govmap1/uploads/images/GIS_concept.gif

6. PLACES AND REGIONS Geographers need to understand the characteristics of places and use those characteristics to define regions and understand the role of perception in defining location. http://shw.ash-har.fotopages.com/12842970.html http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Muslim_world_map.png

7. PHYSICAL FEATURES Geographers study the distribution of physical features on the Earth’s surface. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:CO_Mineral_Belt.jpg

8. PEOPLES AND CULTURES Geographers understand the distribution and movement of peoples and cultures and how that affects human activity. http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/f-news/2034918/posts http://www.censusscope.org/us/map_hispanicpop.html

9. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION Geographers study how humans affect natural systems and how natural systems influence humans.

10. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION http://www.inciweb.org/incident/map/2929/21/

11. PREDICTING THE FUTURE The information that geographers collect and analyze is important in understanding what has happened in the past and predicting what will happen in the future. http://www.hickerphoto.com/futuristic-architecture-valencia-spain-11263-pictures.htm http://www.dreamstime.com/city--- futuristic-landscape-image5610950

12. THE FUTURE OF GEOGRAPHY Geography is an important field that is growing and contributing to our understanding of this complex planet we live on. http://gis.ucsc.edu/about.html http://www.nitroeurope.eu/sites/nitroeurope.eu/files/neu_data/Component9 /Summer%20School%202006/Pictures/field_work.jpg www.ci.antioch.ca.us/CityGov/PublicWorks/GIS/

13. GEOGRAPHY AND OTHER DISCIPLINES Fenneman, N. 1919. The Circumference of Geography, Annals of the Association of American Geographers 9:3-11.

14. TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY SKILLS 21st Century Skills and Abilities Colorado's description of 21st century skills is a synthesis of the essential abilities students must apply in our fast changing world. Critical thinking and reasoning includes problem solving, analysis, logic, cause/effect. Information literacy includes knowledge acquisition, source discernment, systems management. Collaboration includes synergy, team resourcing, social skills, leadership. Self-direction includes adaptability, initiative, personal responsibility, work ethics, self-advocacy. Invention includes creativity, innovation, integration of ideas.

15. ASSESSMENT THEMES 1. Use several types of geographic tools to answer questions about the geography of Colorado a. Answer questions about Colorado regions using maps and other geographic tools. b. Use geographic grids to locate places on maps and images to answer questions. c. Create and investigate geographic questions about Colorado in relation to other places. d. Illustrate, using geographic tools, how places in Colorado have changed and developed over time due to human activity. e. Describe similarities and differences between the physical geography of Colorado and its neighboring states. 2. Connections within and across human and physical systems are developed a. Describe how the physical environment provides opportunities for and places constraints on human activities. b. Explain how physical environments influenced and limited immigration into the state. c. Analyze how people use geographic factors in creating settlements and have adapted to and modified the local physical environment. d. Describe how places in Colorado are connected by movement of goods and services and technology.

16. REGIONS

19. ABSOLUTE LOCATION Absolute location places an object using some kind of coordinate system. Some times the coordinate system can have some arbitrary aspects. http://nationalatlas.gov/articles/mapping/a_latlong.htmlhttp://www.nationalatlas.gov/articles/boundaries/a_plss.html

20. LAND DIVISION PATTERN

21. REGIONS Functional regions are based on the connection between places based on transportation and economic activity. There may be additional factors like cultural connections. Meinig, D. W. 1972. American Wests: Preface to a Geographical Interpretation. Annals of the Association of American Geographers 62(2):159-184

22. THE ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/image-services/jp2.py?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd431/g4310/g4310/rr001900.jp2&res=1

23. THE ROLE OF TRANSPORTATION 1879

24. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION http://cdm15330.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p15330coll22/id/1005 Leadville, ca 1880.

25. HUMAN-ENVIRONMENT INTERACTION

26. HISTORIC IMAGES

30. MAPPING POPULATION CHANGE http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000_United_States_Census

31. MAPPING POPULATION CHANGE

33. http://projects.nytimes.com/census/2010/map