2. Day DateReadingTopic T10/15no class – October Vacation Th10/17More plant development T10/22Ch. 8Mechanisms of morphogenesis Th10/24More morphogenesis T10/29Ch. 10Cell differentiation Th10/31 Happy Halloween!Stem cells T11/5quiz on Flowering video handout Ch. 11Organogenesis Th11/7More Organogenesis T11/12 Th11/14Ch. 12Development of the nervous system T11/19EXAM 2Chapters 2, 7, 8, 10 Drosophila, plants, cell biology, differentiation Th11/21Ch. 9 The saga of the germ cell T11/26More on reproductionYour term paper is due at the beginning of class on Tuesday, 11/19 Th11/28no class – Thanksgiving Break Also remember there are two, short writing assignments, each worth 20 points. Pick any topic in developmental biology (except your term paper topic) and learn more about it. Then write a two page paper and include all the sources you used (those can include any sources including web sites, newspapers, TV, etc). These are due anytime.

4. Comparing animals and plants: Invented multicellularity independently Some differences: No germ line cells in plants (plants are easy to clone. No maternal factors???) No morphogenesis in plants (very simple fate maps) Plant cells contain plasmodesmata (a type of gap junction between cells)

5. Comparing animals and plants: Invented multicellularity independently Some similarities: Totipotency (each cell retains the entire genome = genomic equivalence) Stem cells (called initials in plants) Stem cell niches (called meristems in plants) Homeotic genes BUT the genes are different in plants vs animals (they are not orthologs)

6. Animal terms = totipotent, pluripotent Plant term = indeterminant

7. 7.46 leaf shape

8. Evolution of meristems: Pteridophytes, like ferns, have a single meristematic cell. Gymnosperms have a multicellular, but less defined organization (For example, they don’t have the organized layers cells of the tunica and corpus.) Angiosperms have the highest degree of organization. Several orthologs are found in the meristem cells of all plants.

9. 7.10 stem/leaf pattern

10. 7.21 root meristem

13. 7.15 chimera

14. 7.16 corn meristem fates

15. 7.13 apical meristem

16. 7.12 stem cell regulation

19. STEM CELL NICHE

20. 7.1 Arabidopsis thaliana

22. 7.24 inflorescence meristem

24. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florigen

29. Thigmomorphogenesis = development affected by touch, breeze, etc.

30. Examples of regulation of plant development by auxin 1.) patterning the early embryo (proteins pump auxin) 2.) patterning leaf primordia = phyllotaxy 3.) patterning lateral bud growth = apical dominance

32. 6.18 leaf primordia phyllotaxy

33. 7.19 leaf lateral inhibition (incorrect hypothesis)

34. 7.20 auxin and leaf primordia