1. One or More Topologies ? One or More Topologies ? A methodological reflection IRRIIS Project, WP2.1 “Topology Analysis” Rome Meeting, 6,7 April 2006 IST Project N° 027568 Adam Maria Gadomski, ENEA High-Intelligence & Decision research Group http:erg4146.casaccia.enea.it

2. Project Topology (?) Task 2.1.1 Topology data collection and modelling Task 2.1.2 Improved models of cascade failures Task 2.2.1 Taxonomy of interdependencies Task 1.4.1 MIT requirements Task 2.3.1 Syntex fuctional definition Task 2.3.2 SYNTEX framework We are here. IRRIIS Goals The expected results for IRRIIS within the topology analysis Work Package 2.1 are: The identification of appropriate degrees of abstraction from LCCIs into graphs. This leads to a comparable modelling framework for the overall IRRIIS project and is also applicable on a general level. Choice of an appropriate high-level abstraction of the system is essential, and impacts both the quality of the analysis, as well as its computational complexity. A thorough analysis of LCCIs with regard to their topological features such as connectivity, centrality, modularity, 2. Study and selection of a critical set of measures (observables), …Therewith a reduction of the overall complexity for the modelling Development of a set of aggregated high level models… - Granular, as the observables can be studied at different scales/dimensions. We need some Abstraction - generalization levels what but not how – it is impossible to use only one abstraction level …

3. TWO ESSENTIAL PROBLEMS Problem 1 LCCIs network MODEL IRRIIS Goals … Problem 2 What topology or topologies are necessary ? It refers to the topology and Abstraction interrelation. Necessary requirements How to form them ? The aim of this contribution is to create a methodological reflection on and to suggest some conceptualization framework for the topology problem. Topology Analysis results have to serve for the “identification of vulnerabilities of an abstract/generalized whole LCCI and LCCIs network", from different perspectives.

4. PROBLEM 1: SYSTEM - GOAL RELATION LCCI System Basic relation (Safety goal) LCCI Goal ProcessesFunctions System Goal Critical definitions: Function, F - is a necessary, goal-oriented property of an artificial system. Process, P - is an identifiable or designed carrier of a function. System, S - is a carrier of processes Goal, G - is a required state/property of the couple (System, Environment) ESSENTIAL ARE RELATIONS BETWEEN THEM. complex Suggested decomposition (SPG Approach, 1986-8, Gadomski)

5. Decomposition of System - Goal Relation FP G S carrier relation ( it is opposite to the property relation) cause-consequence relation (necessary for) One function can be realized by different processes. One process can be a carrier of different functions. Every artificial system specification can be presented as 4 graph layers. This paradigm enables a structuring of specific information and knowledge about a human - technological systems and LCCIs. Generalization levels (abstraction/specialization) Every object from one layer can be decomposed in a subsequent lower layer. SPG approach Attention: From users and vulnerability perspectives most essential is availability of functions.

6. Vulnerability Sources & propagation F P G S carrier relation ( it is opposite to the property relation) cause-consequence relation (necessary for) Attention: From developers perspectives most essential is observability of processes. Abnormal events internal and external Measurements Loss of functions Every process and system are properties described by variables and parameters. (= attributes) They are data. Definition: Data – everything what is/will/can be processed mentally or by a computer.  Owner developers operators managers society  Polit-econ dec. Economy 

7. Problem 2: TOPOLOGY Topology is a theory focused on the properties of spatial forms and their transformations which maintains invariant some their specific attributes. Graphs are most synthetic/abstract forms which maintain these invariants. An example: Topological equivalence:  Topology does not enable to decompose arcs ( interrelations) Conclusion: Specialization/decomposition requires: Topology A Topology B Here, nodes are arbitrarily distinguished.

8. TOPOLOGIES: TOP-DOWN IDENTIFICATION Different perspectives, ie different goals of a system, require different topologies strings. General remark: IRRIIS is a research project. Lack of topological equivalence in two topological specifications FP G S Allocation of Vulnerabilities to Network Topologies We need DATA for

9. Meta-topological Framework [TOGA, 1993] We have 3 subject layers: Physical, Cyber, Organization layers. Here, every box represents a real or abstract topology. Basic rules which define problem- solver perspective: Top-down Object-based Goal-oriented

10. Methodological Framework Conceptualization layers Specification DirectionIdentification Direction G oal Function P rocess S ystem G F P S Physical Layer Information Layer Intelligence Layer Generalization levels Subject Layers Problem Recognition Specialization Direction Data acquisition (information, knowledge acquisition) Information & Knowledge not ordered or ordered for other purposes.

11. MULTI-GOAL DOMAIN AND INTRADEPENDENCES Thanks SG SG SG SG LCCI Syntex MIT IRRIIS

12. Example: DESIGN FRAMEWORK (Abstract Managerial Intelligence) Based on SPG Approach. Process From the ENEA’s Tech. Proposals of the EU Project EIDA,1996 & EMIR 2004

13. Infrastructure Simulation Game System World Editor World Simulator IntelI. Infrast. Kernel Human Supervisor or Manager “Absolute Observer” (designer) Interface Servicies Units Communication Interface Communication Servicies Functional Units Intelligent Infrastructure Top view of the Infrastructure Simulation Game System Copyright High-Intelligence & Decision Research Group, CAMO, ENEA, http://erg4146.casaccia.enea.it Adam M. Gadomski, 23/06/2005http://erg4146.casaccia.enea.it