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Welcome to the Exciting World of Chemistry!!!!!!!.

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Presentation on theme: "Welcome to the Exciting World of Chemistry!!!!!!!."— Presentation transcript:

1 Welcome to the Exciting World of Chemistry!!!!!!!

2 Why study Chemistry in a Biology Class? Most of Biology is Chemistry in action! If you understand basic chemistry, you will have a much greater understanding of most of life processes! The Digestive system is a series of chemical reactions that break down food DNA is a molecule Much much more!!

3 Chemistry of Life Elements: substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Ex- O, H, N Atoms: smallest unit of an element that still has all properties of that element. Molecule: chemical structure composed of 1 or more atoms. Ex- H 2 O or C 6 H 12 O 6

4 Structure of Atoms Atoms contain subatomic particles such as: -Protons: positive charge; # determines identity of element -Neutrons: neutral charge -Electrons: negative charge Protons and Neutrons are in center of atom. Electrons surround center in an electron cloud.

5 Atoms

6 Molecules

7 Chemical Reactions Involves making and breaking bonds. Cells are basic unit of life like atoms are basic unit of matter. Chemical reactions are important to cells: 1. Only way to form new molecules for growth and maintenance. 2. Allows energy to be stored, used or released.

8 Chemical Bonds Ion- positively or negatively charged atom from gaining or losing electrons. Covalent Bond: Forms when 2 atoms share 1 or more pairs of electrons. Ex- water Ionic Bond: Attraction between oppositely charged ions. Ex- sodium chloride (salt)

9 Ionic Bond

10 Covalent Bond

11 Acids and Bases Acids have more H + ions than OH - Bases have more OH - ions than H + ions. Acids: Taste sour, do not feel slippery Bases: Taste bitter, feel slippery (cleaning solutions) BOTH ACIDS AND BASES CAN BE DANGEROUS!!!!!!!

12 The pH Scale Acid=pH 1-6 Base=pH 8-14

13 The pH Scale Neutral substances like water have a pH of 7. pH of 1 is highly acidic and pH of 14 is highly basic. pH scale is a logarithmic scale; based on a power of 10. pH of 4 is 100x stronger than pH6


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