1. Punctuation Rules!

2. What is a Punctuation Mark? The set of standard symbols used in writing. ( ! ? : ;,. … ) The set of standard symbols used in writing. ( ! ? : ;,. … ) Separate words into sentences, or clauses to help a reader to understand the text. Separate words into sentences, or clauses to help a reader to understand the text. Used to clarify meaning Used to clarify meaning Punctuation Rules. Punctuation Rules. Punctuation Rules! Punctuation Rules!

3. Independent Clause An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb and expresses a complete thought. An independent clause is a sentence. An independent clause is a sentence.

4. Examples: Jeremy studied in the coffee house for his chemistry quiz. Jeremy studied in the coffee house for his chemistry quiz. Taylor played in a hockey tournament over the March Break. Taylor played in a hockey tournament over the March Break. Jessica bought a new shirt from Hollister while she was in Toronto. Jessica bought a new shirt from Hollister while she was in Toronto. Mac spoke very well during his novel study presentation. Mac spoke very well during his novel study presentation.

5. Dependent Clause A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does NOT express a complete thought. A dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but does NOT express a complete thought. A dependent clause CANNOT be a sentence. A dependent clause CANNOT be a sentence.

6. Examples of Dependent clauses… When Monica went to Florida for March Break When Monica went to Florida for March Break Alex, rested from a good night’s sleep, Alex, rested from a good night’s sleep, As the students ventured to their next class As the students ventured to their next class These groups of words still depend on more words to complete their thoughts… therefore they are called “dependent clauses.”

7. Making dependent clauses independent… When Monica went to Florida for March Break she enjoyed Disney World more than anything else! When Monica went to Florida for March Break she enjoyed Disney World more than anything else! Alex, rested from a good night’s sleep, left for school in a great mood. Alex, rested from a good night’s sleep, left for school in a great mood. As the students ventured to their next class they were interrupted by the fire drill. As the students ventured to their next class they were interrupted by the fire drill.

8. Connecting Independent and Dependent Clauses There are two types of words that can be used as connectors to join dependent/ independent clauses: coordinating and subordinating conjunctions. There are two types of words that can be used as connectors to join dependent/ independent clauses: coordinating and subordinating conjunctions.

9. Subordinating Conjunction… is a word added to the beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause. is a word added to the beginning of an independent clause that makes it into a dependent clause. - after, although, as, as if, because, before, even if, even though, if, in order to, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, whenever, whether, and while.

10. Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry quiz. Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry quiz.

11. Example: When (Jim studied in the coffee house for his chemistry quiz ) … When (Jim studied in the coffee house for his chemistry quiz ) … Although (Jim studied in the coffee house for his chemistry quiz )... Although (Jim studied in the coffee house for his chemistry quiz )... Before (Jim studied in the coffee house for his chemistry quiz ) … Before (Jim studied in the coffee house for his chemistry quiz ) …

12. Coordinating Conjunction Found in the middle of a sentence and connects independent / dependent clauses for more complex, interesting sentences. Found in the middle of a sentence and connects independent / dependent clauses for more complex, interesting sentences.FANBOYS for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

13. Examples: Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry quiz, but it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry quiz, but it was hard to concentrate because of the noise. Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry quiz, so he was often distracted. Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry quiz, so he was often distracted. Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry quiz, and worked on his math assignment as well. Jim studied in the coffee shop for his chemistry quiz, and worked on his math assignment as well.