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Chapter 3 Body Tissues He he he he he….

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Presentation on theme: "Chapter 3 Body Tissues He he he he he…."— Presentation transcript:

1 Chapter 3 Body Tissues He he he he he…

2 Body Tissues Cells are specialized for particular functions
Tissues - Groups of cells with similar structure and function Four primary types Epithelium Connective tissue Nervous tissue Muscle

3 Epithelial Tissues Locations Functions Characteristics Body coverings
Body linings Glandular tissue Functions Protection Absorption Filtration Secretion Characteristics Cells close together Cells have free apical surface Bottom surface is basement membrane Avascular – no blood supply Regenerate easily

4 Classification of Epithelium
1. Based on # of cell layers Simple – one layer Stratified – more than one layer 2. Shape of cells Squamous – flattened Cuboidal – cube-shaped Columnar – column-like

5 Simple Epithelium 1. Simple squamous Single layer of flat cells
Usually forms membranes Lines body cavities Lines lungs and capillaries

6 2. Simple cuboidal Single layer of cube-like cells
Common in glands and their ducts Forms walls of kidney tubules Covers the ovaries

7 3. Simple columnar Single layer of tall cells
Often includes goblet cells, which produce mucus Lines digestive tract

8 4. Pseudostratified Single layer, but some cells are shorter than others Often looks like a double cell layer Sometimes ciliated, such as in the respiratory tract May function in absorption or secretion

9 Stratified Epithelium
1. Stratified squamous Cells at the free edge are flattened Found as a protective covering where friction is common Locations Skin Mouth Esophagus

10 Rare in human body 2. Stratified cuboidal 3. Stratified columnar
Two layers of cuboidal cells 3. Stratified columnar Surface cells are columnar, cells underneath vary in size and shape Both are: Found mainly in ducts of large glands

11 Glands Gland – one or more cells that secretes a particular product
2 types 1. Endocrine gland Ductless Secretes hormones 2. Exocrine gland Empty through ducts to surface Include sweat and oil glands

12 4. Transitional epithelium
Shape of cells depends upon the amount of stretching Lines organs of the urinary system

13 Connective Tissue Most abundant and widely distributed
Some have good blood supply (vascularized) Some don’t (avascular) All have extracellular matrix – nonliving material surrounding cells Functions Binds tissues together Supports Protects

14 Extracellular Matrix Two parts
Ground substance – mostly water along with adhesion proteins and polysaccharide molecules Fibers Produced by the cells 3 types Collagen fibers Elastic fibers Reticular fibers

15 Connective Tissue Types
1. Bone (osseous tissue) Bone cells in lacunae (cavities) Hard matrix of calcium salts A lot of collagen fibers Protect & supports body

16 Connective Tissue Types
2. Hyaline cartilage Most common cartilage Lots of collagen fibers Rubbery matrix Fetal skeleton & ribs

17 Connective Tissue Types
3. Elastic cartilage Provides elasticity found in external ear, epiglottis, & trachea

18 Connective Tissue Types
4. Fibrocartilage Highly compressible forms cushion-like discs between vertebrae

19 Connective Tissue Types
5. Dense Main matrix element is collagen fibers Cells are fibroblasts Tendon – muscle to bone Ligaments – bone to bone

20 Connective Tissue Types
6. Areolar Most widely distributed Soft, pliable tissue Contains all fiber types Can soak up excess fluid Think “airy”

21 Connective Tissue Types
7. Adipose Similar to areolar with fat globules Many cells contain large lipid deposits Functions Insulates body Protects organs Fuel storage

22 Connective Tissue Types
8. Reticular Delicate network of fibers Forms network of lymphoid organs Lymph nodes Spleen Bone marrow

23 Connective Tissue Types
9. Blood cells & fluid matrix Fibers visible during clotting Transports materials

24 Muscle Tissue Function = produce movement 3 types Skeletal muscle
move muscles of skeleton Cardiac muscle only found in heart Smooth muscle found in organs & vessels

25 Muscle Type Type of Control? Striations? How many nuclei? Skeletal Voluntary Yes Many per cell Cardiac Involuntary Yes & intercalated disks 1 per cell Smooth No

26 Nervous Tissue Neurons and nerve support cells
Function = send impulses to other areas of the body Irritability – able to respond to stimuli Conductivity – conducts messages


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