1. SYB 1 Travis Meyer

4. Ureterocele Most common in white females, most are left sided but 10% are bilateral

5. Duplicated Collecting Systems Can vary from 2 kidneys on one side with 2 ureters to one enlarged kidney with 2 ureters or one kidney with little enlargement and only a partial duplicated system of 2 proximal ureters joining to create one distal ureter. The upper pole ureter may be associated with a ureterocele and recurrent UTIs

6. Malformations of the kidneys (or urinary system) should always raise suspicion of a malformation of the genital system In men: an absent seminal vesicle In women: an absent ovary, bicornuate uterus or malformed fallopian tube.

7. Weigert-Meyer rule (85%) upper-pole ureter obstruction leads to hydronephrosis inserts more inferiorly and medially in bladder may insert into urethra, vagina, etc. males not incontinent: insertion above ext. sphincter associated with ureterocele lower-pole ureter reflux leads to pyelonephritis