1. MilkIT 2 nd Advisory Council Meeting Almora 18/12/2012 Activity Review India Thanammal Ravichandran, Nils Teufel

2. Topics Site selection Data collected – Village census – Value chain assessment – Household census – Development documentation Innovation platforms

3. Site Selection Districts – 2 (IFAD) Blocks – 1 in each block (IFAD, dairy, partners) Max clusters – partner long-list (40 vill / block) Mini clusters – 2-4 villages close together Mid clusters – 2-3 mini-clusters, field worker, IP IPs: 2 mid-clusters -> 2 feed IPs -> 1 DVC IP

4. Selection of mid-cluster Village census data used for comparison Criteria – Road accessibility (dist_road and town dist) – Dairy animal population – Institutional base (SHG or Federation activity-milk marketing) – Feed availability (cultivated land, grassland, cropping pattern) 1 feed innovation platform for each selected mid-cluster 1 marketing innovation platform in each block for 2 selected mid-clusters (feed innovation platforms)

5. Sult mid cluster

6. Bageshwar mid-cluster

7. Village census For characterisation of villages for selection 30 villages in Sult and 12 villages in Bikyasain 39 villages in Bageshwar Information on – Dairy animals – Land details/feed sources – Accessibility to market – Marketing channels – Institutional base Limitations – Asking to one or two key person – Use of existing data by partners

8. Village census - results

9. Comparison of mid-clusters- Sult

10. Midcluster Dist_Pavedroad [km] Num_SHGs Barkinda16 Gahnaheet19 Nailwalpali16 Titoli29 Kunidhar2.56 Table: Road accessibility and institutions- Sult mid-clusters

11. Midcluster Dist_Pavedroad [km] Num_SHGs Chhona0.114 Chouganchina0.216 Garikhet0.29 Chani0.35 Saing0.513 Khabra1.58 Pagna3.68 Table 28: Road accessibility and Institutions - Bageshwar mid-clusters

12. Midcluster Neighbours [#] Localshop [#] townshop/hh [#] Anchal [#] SHG/Fed [#] Chhona9415007 Chouganchina7121000 Garikhet6917000 Chani3219000 Saing0004174 Khabra330000 Pagna100500 Table 27: Households sell milk by type of buyer - Bageshwar mid-clusters

13. Considerations - Sult Select on near-road and one far-away mid-cluster Barkinda – Better road connectivity (<1km) – Favourable to connect formal milk marketing ie Anchal – More dairy animals and more cultivated land Titoli – Far-away road (2 km) – More dairy animals, more cultivated land – Farmers selling milk near congregation point

14. Considerations-Bageshwar Pagna excluded (>3.5km distance to road) Saing included – Formal milk marketing (Anchal and federation level) – More dairy animals, more cultivated land – Strong institutional set-up (SHG) Chhona included – Good base for marketing platform – KVK is in between this two clusters

15. Household census All selected cluster villages including the settlements To characterise/classify the cluster Information – Dairy animals – Production details – Milk selling pattern – Transaction feed and animals

16. Hh census - results

17. Hh census – milk yield & sale S.NoBlockMean milk yield/hh (ltr) 1Sult1.92 2Bageshwar1.42 S.NoBlockAvg milk sale/hh (ltr) 1Sult0.17 2Bageshwar0.37 S.N o ClusterMean milk yield/hh (ltr) Mean milk sale/hh (ltr) Total milk yield/day Total; milk sale/day 1Saing-B11.410.47533179 2Chhona-B21.430.1555758 3Barkinda-S11.750.1638836 4Saknana-S22.040.1763054

18. Hh census – own fodder S.No.BlockClusterTrees in own land/hh Private grass land [nalli] 1BageshwarSaing-B140.48 2Chhona-B264.23 3SultBarkinda-S1140 4Saknana-S2111.1

19. Hh census – fodder purchase S.No.BlockClusterAvg grass purchase (Quintol)/hh 1BageshwarSaing-B10.84 2Chhona-B27.43 3SultBarkinda-S10.56 4Saknana-S22.35 Invasive grass species in Chhona cluster vs grass purchase?

20. Actor mapping - Development history Interviews with variety of actors for collecting information on development history Change of officials over years so they are not aware of previous activities Have to ask other actors for history of other activities

21. Actors-Sult Dairy development board (DDB)-Anchal and Mahila dairy Vikas Prayojna Block development office (BDO) Agricultural information centre (agriculture department Animal husbandry department (veterinary clinic) Forestry department INHERE BAIF-(active in neighbouring block)

22. Actors-Bageshwar DDB – ULDB? IFAD - Ajeevika Animal husbandry department CHIRAG BAIF Krishi Vikas Kendra (KVK) - VPKAS BDO

23. Value chain assessment Formal – Aanchal – Federation level milk co-operative – Women’s dairy? Informal – Neighbours – Tea shops in village or near market – Milk traders

24. VCA Tools VC rapid assessment tools – ILRI is developing for wide use – We are currently testing and adapting – Mix of qualitative and quantitative data – Village, trader, processer, retailer etc. – Full day

25. Participatory VCA- NetMap - Regina Birner Visualisation of links/relationships Entry point for VCA Third dimension: importance of actors and their influencing factors Easy to visualize the power factors Tried in Gahnaheet village – participants enjoyed the exercise Lots of farmer participation

26. Net map example

27. IP meetings - basics First dairy value chain meetings last week – 21/11/2012 Sult - Bhikyasain – 24/11/2012 Baheshwar – Dewaldar Participants – Village representatives (ca. half female) – Admin representatives (BDO, vet) – IFAD/Ajeeveka – Buyer representatives (Aanchal, shopkeeper)

28. IP meetings - agenda Introductions Reports from constraint analysis in villages Constraint analysis by other stakeholders Group discussion on solutions/actions Plenary on solutions/actions Definition of activities

29. DVC IP – Sult – Participants

30. DVC IP – Sult – Group discussions

31. IP meetings – agreed activities Generate lists of farmers within villages interested in selling to Aanchal Discuss payment issues with Aanchal Aanchal is willing to support exposure visits Next meetings in 1-2 month

32. IP meetings - lessons More emphasis to make the meetings attractive for buyers (Aanchal, shop-keepers) Need to develop ownership of IP (who?) Include service providers (e.g. BAIF) Include/inform local councils Assess admin involvement

33. IP – contrast to Tanzania Existing regional dairy development platforms Tanga – running; Morogoro – collapsed Initiated by DFID project Regional-level institutions Constitution - members

34. IP experience – INHERE GC Pant Discussion: – Involvement of institutions – How to link the sellers with buyers-livelihood improvements? – All actors shared the experience –constraints discussion and possible solutions – AHD-Feed is big constraint, availability of quality feed is limited, rate of feed, over the years feed quality decreased – Connectivity of village to market is another constraint, how to connect discussed – Water scarcity-was another problem in village-quality of water-health problem – Health problem-accessibility to village is limited-remote areas- – Commercial milk selling or income through milk selling not felt by farmers-access to market limited – BDO- how can other schemes can help for dairy development – Aanchal-how to connect farmers, how Aanchal gives input support Action: – How to connect with formal institutions-Aanchal-marketing start- – Follow up meeting in villages – List of farmers willing to sell milk- will forward request letter to MD, Aanchal for starting the co-operative society- will send in a week

35. IP experience – CHIRAG Kuldeep 3 actors participated- Ajeevika, KVK, AHD and buyer (private) Constraints discussed-farmers felt a good platform to share issues-and can take some solutions AHD-explained what are schemes available for dairy development-feed, MNREGA etc Chhona cluster: invasive species-KVK promised short research on this Farmers discussed about the issues in selling milk- payments, quality issue: fat measurement is not done only lactometer measurement Milk given is not reaching same to Bageshwar in same quality so less price Farmers get disturbed with price difference from collection point to chilling centre or outlet Decided with all villages- milk samples will be tested Grass improvement has been planned Chirag and BAIF will promote AI and ayurvedic treatment… Will try for dairy-connect with local shops

36. IP experience - discussion How can be IP be successful with only small quantities of milk? Can we also focus on other options or milk products? Organisation of members is important: – Aanchal will collect milk only from societies – Village-level organisation is crucial – Documentation of follow-up is important Farmer clubs can be made – in combination with NABARD initiative Inhere-also having climate change innovation programme? Sharing experience and connecting with relevant institutions (e.g. VPKAS) is important. Stakeholders involvement is crucial in IP It is important for the development of IPs that the support through formal institutions (e.g. Aanchal) benefits the group and not individuals. Many support schemes exist (e.g. credit for buying animals) but struggle with this issue. Aanchal get even little quantity of milk, but private buyers depends on the demand Aanchal can help raising supply through supporting transportation (head-load, animal load) All the institutions (e.g. Aanchal, Ajeevika) should work together for dairy development Chairperson (Ravi Shankar, CDO) – Camps can be done in clusters – Cattle shed model can be made – Selling milk-to be promoted- support mechanisms subsidy, by all institutions-facilitate milk sales – IP-involve SHGs-Aanchal; restrictions can be discussed