1. ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN CHW CHV/WORK PROF. RICHARD MUGA

2. HRH replenishment in Africa CountryNurses & midwives (per 1000 population) Inflow (per 1000 nurses & midwives) Outflow (per 1000 nurses & midwives) Scenario Côte d’Ivoire 0.62748 DRC 0.534652 Ethiopia 0.2110551 Kenya 1.142054 Liberia 0.37152 Madagascar 0.324958 Rwanda 0.432244 Sierra Leone 0.366654 Uganda 0.721653 Tanzania 0.354056 Zambia 2.012452 Total 0.556653

3. Household Family Community Dispensar y/Clinic Health centre/Ma ternity/N. Home Sub county Hospital County Hospital National/ Tertiary Hospital CHWS /CHV LINK HOUSEHOLDS AND FORMA L HEALTH CARE SYSTEM

4.  Universities are located in Rural and urban areas, they are able to rearch to find innovative solutions for the poor  Universities have a high concentration of highly skilled, multidisciplinary human resource  Evidence from research confirms that communities can work synergistically with health systems and academicians for under-5 mortality impact Universities can play a pivotal role in rural and urban areas GREAT LAKES UNIVERSITY OF KISUMU (GLUK)

5. ROLE OF UNIVERSITIES IN CHW CHV/WORK RESEARCH TO JOINTLY FIND ANSWERS TRAINING,AWARD CERTFICTES, DEPLOYMENT, MOTIVATION AND REGULATION., PRODUCTION, DEPLOYMENT, MOTIVATION AND RETENTION OF CHWS/CHVS AND MIDWIVES FOR UNIVERSAL HEALTH COVERAGE

6. EVIDENCE BASED DIALOGUE Rose Olayo, D Kaseje, C.Musita,C.O.Oindo, C.Wafula and Muga,R.O, (2010). Evidence –based dialogue with communities for district health systems improvement.J.Global Public Health 5(2) :1-16

8. All groups within the community targeted for involvement in the spirit of inclusiveness, but the poor and vulnerable focused on COMMUNITY, CIVIL SOCIETY SERVICE PROVIDERS (Public sector) PRIVATE SECTOR TRAINING & RESEARCH INSTITUTIO NS Househo lds Poverty Ill Health

9. HOUSEHOLDS VISITED FREQUENTLY BY CHW DID NOT EXPERIENCE INFANT DEATHS Oindo, C.O., Otieno C.F., Okeyo, N.O., Olayo, R.N., Muga, R.O. and Kaseje C.O. (2009). “Characteristics of households experiencing under-five deaths: A case of tropical institute of community health and development (TICH) partnership districts,” African Journal of Food Agriculture Nutrition and Development, 9(3), pp. 873-884

10. Technical Interventions universities Delivery System Health Outcomes Community Empowerme nt Community-Based Primary Health Care Implementation Framework

11. Success Factors cont., Regular community-level activities, such as group health education and nutrition cooking demonstrations, to maintain a high level of awareness in the community. African Medical & Research Foundation Training and in-service activities for community workers should be conducted regularly. Experience should be networked with others communities.

12. Challenges needing research Volunteerism Attrition rates Supervision Sustainability Donor demands Political will Poverty Documentation African Medical & Research Foundation