1. Prototyping By: Michael McBee & Shere Stewart

2. Prototyping What is Prototyping? It is an iterative process involving analysts and users where a model of the proposed system is built then rebuilt according to user feedback. Why build a prototype? - Visuals may enhance user feedback - Reminder of requirements (ie. Bank Website) (ie. Bank Website)

6. Prototyping process

7. When Do You Prototype? WHEN DO YOU PROTOTYPE? BEFORE THE BEGINNING BEFORE THE BEGINNING IN THE BEGINNING IN THE BEGINNING AFTER THE BEGINNING AFTER THE BEGINNING IN THE MIDDLE STAGES IN THE MIDDLE STAGES IN MIDDLE AND LATER STAGES IN MIDDLE AND LATER STAGES IN THE LATER STAGES IN THE LATER STAGES

8. What are Prototypes used for? Learning. How well does it meet the customer needs? Learning. How well does it meet the customer needs? Communications. Help to visual the product or key components. Communications. Help to visual the product or key components. Integration. Ensure that the components work together as planned. Integration. Ensure that the components work together as planned. Milestones. Illustrate that the product has reached a certain level of functionality. Milestones. Illustrate that the product has reached a certain level of functionality.

9. When Prototyping Is Most Useful User Requirements are not clear User Requirements are not clear Users and other stakeholders involved Users and other stakeholders involved Complex designs require concrete specs Complex designs require concrete specs Communication problems Communication problems Tools available Tools available

10. Drawbacks of Prototyping Informal documentation Informal documentation Idiosyncrasies with initial users Idiosyncrasies with initial users Ignoring external integration Ignoring external integration

11. Types of Prototyping Evolutionary Evolutionary Throwaway Throwaway Paper Paper

12. Evolutionary prototyping Specification, design and implementation are inter-twined Specification, design and implementation are inter-twined The system is developed as a series of increments that are delivered to the customer The system is developed as a series of increments that are delivered to the customer Techniques for rapid system development are used such as CASE tools and 4GLs Techniques for rapid system development are used such as CASE tools and 4GLs User interfaces are usually developed using a GUI development toolkit User interfaces are usually developed using a GUI development toolkit

13. Evolutionary

14. Throw-away prototyping Discard prototype, build product from scratch Can use special “prototyping technologies” to build quick prototypes Can use special “prototyping technologies” to build quick prototypes Don’t have to design prototype carefully Don’t have to design prototype carefully Coding can be more freestyle and unconstrained Coding can be more freestyle and unconstrained Need to redo all the work Need to redo all the work

15. Throw-away prototyping

16. Summary Clearly define the purpose…Why? What are you approximating (and not)? What are you approximating (and not)? Determine the form of the prototype. Determine the form of the prototype. Determine cost, construction plan. Determine cost, construction plan. Test, gather data. Test, gather data.