1. S E C T I O N 1 On the Eve of Revolution
French society consisted of three social classes: the clergy, or First Estate; the nobility, or Second Estate; and the rest of the population, or Third Estate.
In 1789, France faced social discontent, a severe financial crisis, and serious food shortages.
Louis XVI called on the Estates General to carry out reforms, but members of the Third Estate defied the king and, saying that they represented the people, proclaimed themselves the National Assembly.
The “National Assembly” found themselves locked out of their meeting hall.
Took the Tennis Court Oath; vowed not to disband until they had drawn up a constitution for France.
On July 14, 1789, an angry mob stormed the Bastille, an event that quickly became the symbol of the French Revolution.
Chapter 19, Section 1

2. THE BASTILLE Then and Now

3. S E C T I O N 2 Creating a New France
After the storming of the Bastille, the political crisis in France worsened; as did a famine that was gripping the country.
The Great Fear: Set off by rumors
Attacks by peasants
Government seizing peasant crops
Marquis de Lafayette: “Hero of two worlds”– Leader of French National Guard.
Spurred by popular uprisings and the storming of the Bastille, the National Assembly ended privileges that belonged to the 2nd Estate.
Declaration of Rights of Man and the Citizen:
Modeled after Dec. of Independence; 13 years earlier
“Liberty, property, security and freedom from oppression.”
“Liberty, Equality, Fraternity”

4. S E C T I O N 2 Creating a New France Cont’d
Louis XVI did not accept reforms, he and nobles enjoyed gala banquets at Versailles while people were starving.
Women march from Paris to Versailles on October 5th, forcing Louis XVI to return to Paris.
Louis becomes a “prisoner” of his own country!
Constitution of 1791: The National Assembly (Third Estate) finally drafted a Constitution.
Tax collection - War and peace
Making laws - Religion
Louis XVI tried to escape his embarrassing situation by fleeing the city. He was caught just outside of Paris.

5. S E C T I O N 2 Creating a New France Cont’d
To moderates the Revolution appeared to be complete.
In a weakened state, France was threatened by other European powers.
This brought out radicals. The revolution was about to turn nasty.

6. S E C T I O N 3 Radical Days
In 1792, radicals took control of the National Assembly. In 1793, they executed the king and queen.

7. S E C T I O N 3 Radical Days cont’d
During the Reign of Terror, Robespierre and his Committee of Public Safety sent some 40,000 French citizens to their deaths on the guillotine.

8. S E C T I O N 4 The Age of Napoleon Begins
Napoleon used his military exploits in the revolution to gain power and took the title of emperor in 1804.
As emperor, Napoleon strengthened the central government, modernized finance, and instituted the Napoleonic Code.
From 1804 to 1814, Napoleon subdued the combined forces of the great European powers and built a vast empire by annexing lands, making alliances, and placing members of his family on the thrones of Europe.
Chapter 19, Section 4

9. S E C T I O N 5 The End of an Era
Spurred by rising nationalism, people across Europe mounted rebellions against French rule.
Following a failed invasion of Russia and major defeats at Leipzig and Waterloo, Napoleon was removed from power.
In 1815, the Congress of Vienna sought to restore stability and order in Europe. They redrew national boundaries, restored hereditary monarchies, and created the Concert of Europe, an organization pledged to maintain the balance of power and to suppress any uprisings inspired by the ideas of the French Revolution.
Chapter 19, Section 5

10. Stages of the French Revolution
National Assembly (moderate phase)
National Assembly (radical phase)
Directory
Age of Napoleon
Third Estate takes
Tennis Court Oath
Storming of Bastille
Declaration of the
Rights of Man and the
Citizen
National Assembly sells
church lands and puts
Catholic Church under
state control
Paris Commune emerges
Constitution of 1791 limits
monarchy and creates
Legislative Assembly
declares war on Austria,
Prussia, and Britain
Napoleon Bonaparte
helps overthrow
Directory
Consulate set up with
Napoleon as first consul
Napoleon names himself
consul for life, and later
Emperor of the French
Economic and religious
reforms instituted
Napoleonic Code
established
Military victories create
French empire in Europe
French defeat in
Battle of the Nations
leads to Napoleon's
abdication and exile
Radicals take control
of Legislative
Assembly and set up
National Convention
abolishes monarchy
and declares France
a republic
Louis XVI and Marie
Antoinette executed
Committee of Public
Safety set up
Robespierre leads
Reign of Terror:
40,000 people
executed
Moderate
Constitution of
1795
Five-man Directory
established
Riots suppressed
Corrupt leadership
Chaos threatened