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CO2 tool for electricity, heat and biogas Ella Lammers 10 june 2008.

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Presentation on theme: "CO2 tool for electricity, heat and biogas Ella Lammers 10 june 2008."— Presentation transcript:

1 CO2 tool for electricity, heat and biogas Ella Lammers 10 june 2008

2 Context Sustainability criteria in the Netherlands (‘Cramer criteria’) are developed both for biofuels and bioenergy A common methodology for CO2 balance for biofuels and bioenergy is being developed, using combined stakeholders processes However: For biofuels: no legal base for a reporting obligation For electricity: basic information on sustainability is asked for in the subsidy scheme Next year, information on GHG balance may be asked for in subsidy scheme

3 Process Two projects (transport fuels, electricity), but one methodology Focus groups: involvement of experts Advisory group consisting of stakeholders Steering committee Methodology is now being adjusted to the EC directive Products: Technical Specification and Software Products of both projects will be finalised at the end of the month

4 Biomass streams and conversion technologies PPO Palm oil, rape seed oil, soybean oil - Co-firing with gas - CHP (large scale) Wood residues Chips, pellets, waste wood - Co-firing with coal - CHP (large and medium scale) Agricultural crops Grass, maize - Co-digestion with manure, CHP Agricultural residues Manure, crop residues - Co-digestion with manure, CHP - Co-digestion with manure, biogas (large scale) Straw- Small scale firing

5 Biomass streams and conversion technologies (2) Waste from food industry - Swill - Animal fat and bone meal - Digestion, CHP - Co-firing with coal Municipal solid waste- RDF incineration cement ovens - MSW incineration with energy recovery - Biogas from organic municipal waste - Landfill gas recovery Sewage sludge- Large scale biogas production

6 Biomass streams are mainly waste or residual streams Questions: 1.Which biomass streams should be included in the calculation tool? 2.Definition of waste streams. NL: zero or negative benefits 3.How to deal with agricultural residues? The EC proposal excludes agricultural residues, but these are products with a market value. W orse performance for main products, e.g. electricity from rape seed Better performance for residual products, e.g. electriciy from wheat straw

7 Allocation First approach in the Netherlands: substitution, in combination with economic allocation Now being adjusted to allocation based on energy (EC directive). But: how to treat waste services? Substitution: avoided chains are accounted for (waste incineration, digestion of manure) Energy allocation: service of waste treatment included, based on LHV incoming waste

8 Example: allocation options Co-digestion of manure and maize 1.Substitution (avoided chain is taken into account) + 160% emission reduction 2. Energy allocation (waste treatment service is not taken into account) - 100% emission reduction 3.Energy allocation (waste treatment service is taken into account) + 70% emission reduction

9 Fossil references bioenergy (NL) Fossil reference: electricity from Dutch production mix, excluding renewable sources Exceptions: -Co firing with coal or gas: electricity from coal or gas fired power plant -CHP: electricity and heat: High temperature heat (large scale, industrial use), or low temperature heat (small or medium scale, space heating) -Firing in cement overs: heat from coal (replaced process)

10 Results: PPO Palm oil, rape seed oil, soybean oil - Co-firing with gas - CHP (large scale) Depends on land use, technology. Wood residues Chips, pellets, waste wood - Co-firing with coal - CHP (large and medium scale) 90-100% Agricultural crops Grass, maize Co-digestion with manure, CHP 70-90% Agricultural residues Manure, crop residues - Co-digestion with manure, CHP - Co-digestion with manure, biogas (large scale) 90% 70-85% StrawSmall scale firing99%

11 Results (2) Waste from food industry - Swill - Animal fat and bone meal - Digestion, CHP - Co firing with coal 95% 98% Municipal solid waste- RDF incineration cement ovens - MSW incineration with energy recovery - Biogas from organic municipal waste - Landfill gas recovery 45-70% 85 -95% 70 – 85% 97% Sewage sludge- Large scale biogas production - 200% ??


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