1. Atlas Simulation Activities What is Geant 4 Atlas Strategy

2. Geant4 - An Introduction What is Geant4? –A Toolkit to simulate the passage of particles through matter –For Montecarlo simulation of the detectors in High Energy Physics –Also for space and cosmic ray applications, nuclear and radiation computations, heavy ions and medical applications

3. Geant4 - An Introduction (2) An international collaboration –Development based totally on object oriented software technology –Re-use the experience and the algorithmic techniques accumulated with Geant3 –World-wide collaboration ~100 Physicists, engineers, computer scientists 15 countries all over the world ~40 labs / institutes / universities >10 experiments directly involved ~1/2 of the original collaborators from Atlas

4. Brief History - 1 Pre-history –CERN: Investigation of class hierarchy for GEANT (1993) –KEK: OO Analysis and Design of GEANT (1993 Prodig Project, presented in CHEP94)

5. Brief History - 2 Geant4 as a CERN/DRDC R&D Project –Approved at end 1994 as a 4 years project –Milestones at end 1995: Assessment of OO methods, full OOA&D Geometry&tracking prototype + benchmarks Achieved as scheduled –Milestones at spring 1997 Alpha version comparable to GEANT 3.21 ODBMS persistency (hits) Transparency of physics models for the users Achieved as scheduled

6. Brief History - 3 Milestones in 1998 (last year of the project) Release of a beta version (July) Achieved as scheduled Production version to be ready by the end of the year

7. Geant4 functionality -1 Far beyond the functionality of the old GEANT3.21 Geometry –Solid representations: CSG, BREP, SWEPT – ISO STEP compliant - CAD Parameterized volumes (solid and material), boolean operations Navigation –Integration of motion in any fields (electric, magnetic, ….) –Smart ‘Voxel’ method for an automatic optimization to search volumes efficiently

8. Geant4 functionality - 2 Tracking and physics interactions –Decouple tracking and physics implementations using a highly sophisticated OO design –Easy to integrate a new physics process without knowledge of the tracking algorithm –Coexisting of full and parametrized fast simulation Electromagnetic interactions –Electron and gamma physics from 10 KeV to 10TeV –Muon physics up to 1 PeV (data + theory) –Transition and synchrotron radiation, Cherenkov and tracking of optical photon

9. Geant4 functionality - 3 Hadronic interactions –OO redesigning of the existing shower code (GHEISHA) –Enhancement of functionality from low to high energy using two models: –Data driven models for low energy region –Theory driven models (string fragmentation and decay, nuclear kinetics and intranuclear cascade,…) for high energy region –Neutron transport using multiple data sets (ENDF/B+MENDL2)

10. Geant4 functionality - 4 Event handling –General interface to existing event generators (Pythia, Isajet, ….) –Multiple ‘physics runs’ in one job with different geometry, materials –Tracks stacking mechanism with 3 priority levels for trigger studies to slow particles (loopers) Detector response and Data I/O –Hit and Digitization classes –Data I/O by ODBMS solution

11. Geant4 functionality - 5 Visualization and GUI –Selection of multiple graphics systems OpenGL, Inventor, DAWN, VRML, OPACS –From high speed to engineering quality drawings Engineering quality: DAWN Virtual reality: VRML interface Detector overlaps viewer: DAVID GUI: GAG, XVT, OPACS Examples and User’s Manuals –Extensive examples covering full functionality –User’s manuals from novices to advanced applications –Installation guide for Unix and PC

12. Geant4 - Beta release Beta01 released in July 1998 –Thorough bug shaking Currently working on Beta03 (Beta02 was just an internal checkpoint) Production version at the end of ‘98 –Stable version –Missing functionality to be added in subsequent releases

13. Atlas in Geant4 - 1

14. Atlas in Geant4 - 2

15. Atlas and Geant4 Implementation of the Atlas geometry already started by our Japanese collegues a couple of yeas ago However: –A simulation program is more than detector geometry –Want to be able to evaluate G4 and provide feedback –Want to build an OO simulation framework –Want to merge with the rest of the Atlas software

16. OO simulation group - 1 Domain decomposition High level design Main areas of interest –Integration in the Atlas mainstream –General framework and user interface –Facilities for geometry and detector description –Tools for implementing detector response and hits storing –Memory management issues –Persistency and OODBMS

17. OO simulation group - 2 Start with a core group of Atlas-G4 members –Domains, areas of interest, geographical splitting Progressively enlarge the group as new people become available/efficient –Interface definition, design cycles Rather aggressive schedule –0th version of an OO simulation facility available early spring –testbeam programs –Detailed Atlas geometry by fall ‘99?

18. Event generators and fast simulation -1 Waiting for the next generqation of physics event generator to be written in OO/C++ –Pythia 7 to be very much integrated with G4 since the beginning We are defining abstract interfaces for implementing different kinds of event generators –Wrappers for the existing MC programs –Test beams –Single particle generators –Event overlaying –Interface to Objy

19. Event generators and fast simulation - 2 Currently extracting Atlfast (the Atlas fast simulation program) from its root cradle to make it a standalone program (or, better, a toolkit) Exploit other (G) User Interface (e.g. have an LHC++ implementation) Consider the Geant4 way to fast simulation and study the possibility of implementing the Atlas fast simulation in G4 –Look at what BaBar are doing

20. Prototypes and testbeams (1) Muon alignment system (DATCHA) –Simple Geometry –Interfacing to the existing (OO) pattern recongnition program –Integration in the Arve framework Muon system description –Application of the Detector Description package –Use of the Atlas field classes

21. Prototypes and testbeams (2) Simple calorimeters prototypes –Exploit the G4 physics –Hits, digits, OODBMS Tile calorimeter testbeam –Relatively simple geometry –First “operational” example Forward calorimeter/Hadronic endcap testbeams Accordion –Exploit the geometry part

22. Prototype and testbeams (3) TRT testbeam prototype –Test new features of the EM physics in G4 –Relatively complicated example Silicon trackers (Pixels+SCT) –To be interfaced with existing pattern recognition programs –Confront with current simulation Barrel sector prototype

23. Training Examples –Official code and home cooking Tutorials –Already started (during the Thursday meetings, unfortunately just for people at CERN) –Hope to have a more regular schedule Courses –To be organised with the help of IT division

24. Conclusions Geant4 Beta version released and made available for testing purposes On schedule for a Production release at the end of the year –Need for a stable version, already! Atlas activities are taking off rather steeply –G4 collaborators getting progressively free –New people joining the effort Physics TDR somewhat limiting people’s availability (in particular for physics studies)