1. FILM HISTORY
The Beginnings

3. Photography
The first photograph
Taken in 1826
By Joseph Niepce

4. Eadweard Muybridge Photographer hired in 1877 to prove a bet
A galloping horse has all four hooves off the ground during stride
Set up 24 cameras along a race track
Experimented with motion sequences and set them up in viewing machines commonly called “Zoetropes.”

6. Photography to Film
Multiple cameras producing multiple still photos to
One camera producing multiple photos
Glass plate to paper to flexible light sensitive material
Ability to produce multiple photos in the thousands

7. The Eye Persistence of Vision/Phi Phenomena
Motion is an optical illusion
The retina retains an image for a fraction of a second
Early silent film was standardized at 16 frames per second

8. George Eastman
1889 Perfected a process of nitro cellulose base on rolls that were transparent, thin, strong and standard in quality and began to manufacture them

9. THOMAS EDISON Laboratories in West Orange, New Jersey
Invited Muybridge to his lab to demonstrate the Zoetrope device
Interested in a visual accompaniment to his phonograph

10. Black Maria Studio (1893)-Kinetographic Theater

11. Early Edison Films

12. W.K.L. Dickson
invented the motion picture camera Kinetograph (motion writer) and Kinetoscope (motion viewer).
Produced short bits of motion for single viewers and charged a nickel
Fred Ott’s Sneeze and the Rice-Irwin Kiss

13. Edison’s Kinetoscope

14. The Black Maria Edison’s studio in West Orange
All black and rotated to stay with the sun

15. Technical Inventions American Perforation
Allowed film to run smoothly in cameras and projection (Dickson)
Latham Loop, patented by Thomas Armet (worked for Edison)
Intermittent Movement: Allowed film to stop momentarily at the gate

16. Lumiere vs. Dickson

17. Latham Loop and Intermittent Movement

18. Lumiere Simple shots Train leaving station Workers leaving the factory
Steady camera observing action
Realism

19. The Lumiere Brothers
France 1895: Short Documentaries

20. George Melies

21. Melies

22. Scorsese’s Hugo (2011)

23. A Trip to the Moon

24. Early Filmmakers
The Great Train Robbery 1903

25. Porter First Narrative Film Worked for Edison 1903
One Reel ten minutes long
First film with a storyline
First film shot out of sequence/editing
First Western
First Smash Hit
Porter

26. Major Companies Edison Biograph Vitagraph Essanay Lubin Selig Kalem
Melies
Pathe

27. Motion Picture Patents Company
Nine major film companies
Monopoly on Film
Exclusive contract with Eastman Kodak
The General Film Company for distribution

28. Birth of Cinema Short