1. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.1 Session 11: The Changing Structure of Agricultural Research and Its Implications for PGR

2. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.2  Identify changes in levels and scope of agricultural research investment by private and public institutions, in developing and developed countries  Discuss the role of market size, globalization and intellectual property rights on the development of plant breeding in developing and developed countries  Analyze the changes in research environments on the utilization of, access to, and conservation of PGR Objectives of Session 11

3. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.3 Global Changes in Agricultural Research by Private and Public Institutions  The rate of private investment in agricultural research is higher than public investment, in both developing and developed countries  The level of private investment is higher than public investment in developed countries, but it is the opposite in developing countries  The growth of public investment in developing countries is uneven: rapid in Asia, slow in LAC, stagnant in Africa

4. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.4  New technological and market opportunities related to scientific advances  Changes in intellectual property regimes that have allowed private-sector firms to capture more of the benefits that result from research  New institutional structures for public- and private- sector research collaboration and technology transfer  Increased globalization of markets for agricultural inputs Contributing Factors to Increases in Private Investment in Agricultural Research

5. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.5 Utilization of, Access to and Conservation of PGR  Private sector focuses on commercial, appropriable crops  Increasing proprietary control of PGR tends to restrict global access to PGR  Long-term conservation of PGR requires the cooperation of the public and private sector, and of developing and developed countries

6. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.6 Agricultural R&D Expenditures (excluding Eastern Europe, Former Soviet Union) Source: Pardey and Beintema (2001); Alston, Pardey, and Smith (1999).

7. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.7 Natural Domains for Public and Private Plant Breeding Programmes Source: Morris and Ekasingh (2002).

8. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.8 Real Public- & Private-Sector Expenditures on Plant Breeding, U.S., Research Deflator Source: Heisey, Srinivasan and Thirtle (2001).

9. Law and Policy of Relevance to the Management of Plant Genetic Resources - 5.11.9 Total CGIAR Investment Compared to Approximate CGIAR Investment in Plant Breeding Source: CGIAR Annual Reports; Alston, Pardey and Smith (1999).