1. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Improving Pavement Performance Part 1

2. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Surface Treatments #1 New Pavement design Procedure Asset management Funding and pavement maintenance New technologies www.aapa.asn.auIntroduction

3. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Surface Treatments #1 Also know as… www.aapa.asn.au New SAPDM

4. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 History of pavement performance in South-Africa Isolated from international community: late 1970’s to mid 1990’s Oil ?? Thick asphalt pavements  NO-NO $$$ ?? Need to stretch every cent Force innovation

5. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 History – Damage models Fatigue of asphalt wearing courses (Freeme – 1970s) Fatigue of asphalt base layers including temperature (Published data – 1970s to 1980s) Permanent deformation for unbound material (Maree – 1970s to 1980s) Effective fatigue and crushing failure for cement stabilized layers (de Beer – 1980s) Vertical strain criteria for subgrade (Dorman and Metcalf – 1965) 1970’s – 1980’s

6. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Problems with current method Past implementation exposed all the weaknesses of the method Users became disillusioned with the method Counter-intuitive and inadmissible results Extreme sensitivity of the method to input Inconsistent input Resilient response (FWD, MDD, Laboratory) Strength parameters Outdated models Too many unexplained effects (chaos)

7. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 R&D Dream #1: Close Gap Between Reality and Theory Theory Reality Rut Terminal rut Roughness Terminal IRI Extent of fatigue Time Adjust the Theory to Predict Reality

8. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 R&D Dream #2: Levelling the Playing Field Overall system just as good as Weakest Link

9. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 R&D Dream #3: Single “Tool” – Different User/Risk Levels Young professional Seasoned professional Design Specialist Design scenario: Routine and preliminary design Low risk Low design experience Known materials – default input Conventional material classification Design scenario: Important design Medium risk Seasoned professional designer Project specific input Design scenario: Very important design, high risk Special investigations Specialist designer Unusual materials Project specific input User Design application

10. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Process May 2005: RPF initiate process November 2005: P&R framework established November 2006: Project briefs ready February 2008 – PPIS revisit LTPP sections Three horizons of deliverables: Short:12 to 18 months Med: 5 to 8 years Long: 8 to 12 years

11. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Concept

12. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1

13. It will include: Traffic loading predictions Material resilient response Pavement resilient response Damage models Probalistic and recursive schemes Predict pavement response/performance, not E80’s

14. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Surface Treatments #1 www.aapa.asn.au Asset Management

15. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Surface Treatments #1 Good Fair Poor Very Poor (Typically Designed for Traffic Expected over 20-30 Years) Two Roads, same condition & traffic – but only budget for one ? A B What is Asset Management ?

16. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 What Is The Price We Pay (SANRAL) Repair Cost = X / km Good Fair Poor Very Poor 3-5 Years Repair Cost = 6X / km 5-8 Years Repair Cost = 18X / km

17. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Very Poor Condition Poor Condition Good Condition GoodPoor Based on HDM-4 Modeling What Is The Price We Pay – Road User

18. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Asset management = planning

19. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Asset Management System Building Blocks/Puzzle Pieces of AMS Policy/Procedures – Principles/Rules to Guide Decisions and achieve rational outcomes – what, where, when, how. Funding – Financial resources for operation and results implementation. People - People make decisions, the rest are just to support the process. Hardware – Road Survey Equipment + IT Infrastructure. Software – Computer based data Analysis and Storage Tools. Data – Knowing what you have, its condition and performance Trend. Hardware Software Data People Funding Policy/ Procedures

20. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 For asset management to be successful all the “pieces of the puzzle” need to be in place in a “balanced equilibrium” It does not help you have the most advance survey vehicle but no means to effectively store and analyse the data, or Have the most sophisticate software, but the quality of your data is suspect ! Without Funding and People – Nothing will happen !!! Hardware Software Data People Funding Policy/ Procedures Success Asset Management System - Success

21. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Collect data Road condition Roughness, Rutting, micro & macro texture, cracking, alignment, ROW video, deflections Traffic Counts, WIM, Driver behaviour Bridges Etc…

22. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Economic Analysis & Optimisation Road Deterioration & Maintenance Effects Road User Effects Centralised Database Dynamic Segmentation Uniform Sections AMS Software - Life Cycle Modelling Condition Surveys

23. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 Performance prediction Use commercially available “off the shelf” software HDM4 PERS dTIMS Prediction models updated regularly Calibrated against LTPP sections

24. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Surface Treatments #1 Good Fair Poor Very Poor (Typically Designed for Traffic Expected over 20-30 Years) Effect of intervention on pavement performance

25. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 SANRAL AMS Budgeting Procedure Instrumental Data CBA Priority List PMS RDME RUE Bridge Inspections BMS BDME RUE CBA Priority List Traffic Super Project List Budget Optimisation EasternSouthernNorthernWestern Programming Pavement Management SystemBridge Management System

26. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1

27. AMS - Information Sharing 1,000s Data Creators Data Users Data Viewers 100s 10s Information Management Technology Applications (GIS, CAD, PMS)

28. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Surface Treatments #1 Before 1994 o Provincial road maintenance allocated nationally 1994 onwards o Provincial road maintenance allocated provincially o Compete with Health, Education, etc National roads o Nationally allocated www.aapa.asn.au Road maintenance funding

29. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 New bill provincial road maintenance not from provincial fiscus Nationally via SANRAL BUT: Provincial authorities to have asset management system in place + data < 2 years old Capital projects still from provincial fiscus Metros and municipalities to follow Main reason  Roads national asset Future or Road maintenance funding in South Africa

30. AAPA 2011 Study Tour – Improving Pavement Performance #1 End of part 1