1. Vocab
Julius Caesar- Named dictator of Rome. He was later killed by the senate because they feared his power.
First Triumvirate- Made up of Crassus, Pompey, and Julius Caesar. They ruled Rome as a Trio until hunger for power pitted them against each other.

2. Warm Up 1. Why was the destruction of Carthage so important to Rome?
2. When finished…Grab a textbook and read from “The Republic Collapses” on page 160 to “Julius Caesar Takes Control on page Answer the following question.
Why did the Roman Republic fall? Just list reasons.

3. EQ
WHAT WERE THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REASONS FOR THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC?

4. Why did the Republic Fall?
GRAPHIC ORGANIZER

5. The Rise of Julius Caesar and the fall of the Republic

6. Why did the Republic fall?
Gap between rich and poor
Rich landowners lived on large estates called latifunda. These were worked by slaves.
Small farms couldn’t compete and many became homeless and jobless
Class Tensions
The wealthy became corrupted by money and resentment grew among the poor
Civil War
Two tribunes attempted to create reforms to help the poor but were opposed by the Senate.
They were both murdered and a period of Civil War erupted!
Changes in the Army
Generals began recruiting soldiers from the landless poor.
These soldiers fought for money and owed allegiance only to their commander…not Rome!
It was now possible for politically powerful military leaders to take over by force!
Eventually one does…

7. Julius Caesar
Rivalries between generals existed until an ambitious leader, Julius Caesar, emerged to bring order to Rome.
Upbringing
Born July 13, 100 or 102 BC
Patrician family; but lived in poor neighborhood
Uncle (6x Consul) was his inspiration
Military Success
Most famous for his victories in Gaul (northern Italy and France)
Defeated Pompey in Civil War for consulship
Began when Caesar crosses the Rubicon
“The Die is Cast”
Ends two years later with Pompey’s death in Egypt

8. Political Life Started as lawyer
Argued his way out of pirate capture
Organized First Triumvirate with Crassus and Pompey
Triumvirate: Rule by 3
Elected Consul by age 40; then governor of Gaul
Senate appointed him dictator after defeating Pompey
Still consulted Senate

9. Personal Life Reforms Married 3 times; 1 daughter: Julia
Lived extravagantly
Reforms
Land reform, building campaign in Rome
Reorganized land and grain distribution
Initiated census
Rewrote laws on citizenship
Initiated term limits on governors

10. Death Assassinated Senators stabbed him to death on floor of Senate
They were led by his best friend, Marcus Brutus
They feared his power

11. EQ
WHAT WERE THE POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL REASONS FOR THE FALL OF THE REPUBLIC?

12. Closing Why did the Republic fall? Give a summary or major reason.
What is a Triumvirate?
Why was Caesar assassinated by the senators?