1. Crop Mapping in Stanislaus County using GIS and Remote Sensing Ramesh Gautam, Jean Woods, Simon Eching, Mohammad Mostafavi Land Use Section, Division of Statewide Integrated Water Management California Department of Water Resources

2. Usefulness of Land Use Mapping  Quantify crop acreage based on crop types  Estimate evapotranspiration  Determine urban landscape acreage  Input for groundwater and surface water models  Verify fields fallowed for water transfers  Map urban growth patterns  Estimate economic impacts of flooding

3. Why Remote Sensing Based Crop Mapping is Needed  Reduce the extent of required field mapping by identifying permanent crops  Accurately assess crop acreage  Estimate annual crop water use for the California Water Plan  Accurately estimate evapotranspiration on a field level  Determine the annual extent of fallowing  Verify fields fallowed for water transfers

4. Study Area Stanislaus County Area: 1,515 sq mile Population: 515,000

5. Overall Crop Mapping Strategy All Crops Decision Tree Based Classification Orchards Non-Orchards LCRAS Based Classification Time series based Vegetation Index Analysis Corn, Mixed Pasture, Fallow, Dry Beans, Tomato, Melons Alfalfa Autocorrelation & LIDAR Vineyards

6.  Classify orchards from non-orchard crops  Gray Level Co-occurrence Matrix Algorithm was used to classify orchards  Textural patterns distinguish orchards from other crops  eCognition Developer software was used to develop the algorithm Decision Tree Classification Technique

7. Data Processing Textural parameters are analyzed to evaluate the fields having coarse texture versus fine texture

8. First Level of Classification: Results Recently planted orchards were classified in next level as shown in next slide Non-orchards Orchards Bare land and new orchards Farmsteads Urban area Poultry farms Highways/Roads LEGEND

9. How recently planted orchards have been captured in second level of classification Non-orchards Orchards Bare land and new orchards Farmsteads Urban area Poultry farms Highways/Roads LEGEND Second Level of Classification: Results

10. Non-orchards Orchards Bare land and new orchards Farmsteads Urban area Poultry farms Highways/Roads LEGEND Final Classification

11. Mapping Orchards in Stanislaus County

12. Mapping Non-Orchards using Lower Colorado River Accounting System (LCRAS) Ground Truth Survey Collect Crop Attributes (12% of Total Fields) QC Ground Truth Data Update Field Border Database Develop Personal Geo-database of Ground-truth data in ArcGIS Randomly Select Training Data (60%) Perform Image Segmentation in eCognition Developer for Training Data Create Signatures in Erdas Imagine

13. Data Processing Using eCognition Developer software, crop fields are segmented into polygons of similar spectral characteristics.

14. LCRAS Classification Method Cont’d… LANDSAT-5 Image Bands 1-5 and 7 Perform Supervised Classification of Spectral Characteristics Identify Crops at the Field Level Based on Classification Perform Accuracy Assessment Re-evaluate signature sets Identify Mislabeled Fields Based on Ground Truth Overall Classification ≥ 90%? Yes End No

15. Year 2010 Crop Map, Stanislaus County, California

16. Staff Time Requirements for Crop Classification

17. Questions?