1. Chapter 1 Historical and Philosophical Foundations of Assessment
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

2. The Value of Testing
Helps in deciding the placement and selection of individuals in business, industry, education
Helps predict success in educational programs or job experiences
Provides descriptive and diagnostic information
Provides a picture of growth or change over time
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

3. Purpose of the Assessment Process
To obtain information about the client’s presenting problem
To make an accurate diagnosis
To determine the client’s goals for counseling
To gather information to aid in the development of a treatment plan
To gather information to aid in the development of an educational plan
To gather baseline data to measure the client’s progress in counseling
To determine a client’s suitability for a certain treatment program or modality
To assess the effectiveness of an education/counseling program
To carry out research studies
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

4. Standardized vs. Nonstandardized Tests
have specific directions for administration, specific instructions for the test taker, and specific scoring procedures
have generally proven reliability, or consistency, of scores and validity, the ability of the test to measure what it is designed to measure
examples: achievement tests, aptitude tests, intelligence tests, personality inventories, and interest inventories
Nonstandardized tests:
informally constructed tests without proven reliability or validity
examples: interviews, observation, questionnaires, and second-hand information
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

5. Competencies Required of Test Users
Understand basic measurement concepts (reliability, validity, norms)
Understand and evaluate test manuals and reports
Follow procedures for administering, scoring, and interpreting tests
Identify and locate sources of test information
Understand the meaning of test scores
Explain test results to test takers
Know the legal and ethical guidelines related to testing
Present test results in written form
Understand technology in testing
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

6. History of Testing 1900 to 1940s: Jung Binet Thorndike
1914: Stern introduces the IQ, or intelligence quotient, the mental age divided by chronological age.
Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test
1927: Strong Interest Inventory
Rorschach Ink Blot Test
Murray's Thematic Apperception Test
Bender Gestalt Test
Piaget's Origins of Intelligence
Buros’s First Mental Measurements Yearbook
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

7. 1940s: 1942 Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
1949 Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
Armed services use of screening recruits
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

8. 1950s to 1980: Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing
Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
Cattell’s theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence
Use of computers in testing
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

9. 1980s to 2000: revised editions of many tests examples: MMPI, Wechsler
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.

10. Today: High-stakes testing Demonstration of competencies
Multiple-choice tests replaced by authentic and performance assessment
Increased emphasis on testing in K-12 education
Accountability for school and mental health counseling programs
Robert J. Drummond and Karyn Dayle Jones Assessment Procedures for Counselors and Helping Professionals, 6th edition
Copyright ©2006 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey All rights reserved.