1. Spatial Abilities at Different Scales: Individual differences in aptitude-test performance and spatial-layout learning Mary Hegarty, Daniel R. Montello, Anthony E. Richardson, Toru Ishikawa, Kristin Lovelace Intelligence 34 (2006) 151– 176

2. Spatial Cognition Spatial cognition deals with how humans encode spatial information (i.e. about the position, orientation and movement of objects in the environment), and how this information is represented in memory and manipulated internally

3. Spatial Ability at Different Scales Figural – paper tests (i.e. Vandenburg mental rotation) *most research done here. Vista - space larger than the body, no locomotion, (i.e. remembering the layout of a single room) Environmental – space larger than the body, involves locomotion (i.e. navigation tests)

4. Small to Large Spectrum FiguralVistaEnvironmental Small ScaleLarge Scale

5. Spatial Cognition Models

6. Figural Test Arrow Span Test –Remember a sequence of arrows in random orientations. –measures ability to maintain spatial information in working memory

7. Vista Test Perspective Taking Ability –4 objects in a square room, one centered on each wall. Learn the locations. –If standing in front of object x, point to object y –Metrics: correctness and time

8. Environmental Test Navigation of a VE –Tutorial navigation environment –Testing environment 4 objects along a winding hallway Traverse (at least) twice 2 nd time: stop at each object ask about distance and directions to other objects

9. Spatial Cognition Models Many other tests outlined in Hegarty et. al.

10. My Work: AAMVID AAM Visualization and Interactive Debriefing