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Fixing The Depression Hoover, FDR & The New Deal.

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Presentation on theme: "Fixing The Depression Hoover, FDR & The New Deal."— Presentation transcript:

1 Fixing The Depression Hoover, FDR & The New Deal

2 Characteristics of the Depression No money No money Lots of dust Lots of dust Few resources Few resources –Food, water, necessities Lay-offs Lay-offs Cows lungs’ filled with dust Cows lungs’ filled with dust Deaths – suicide rate increased Deaths – suicide rate increased Debts Debts Unemployment Unemployment Could’ve been prevented Could’ve been prevented Ruined top soil Ruined top soil Stock market crash Stock market crash Overproduction Overproduction Unequal distribution of wealth Unequal distribution of wealth Banks closed Banks closed Low crop prices Low crop prices Foreclosures on homes Foreclosures on homes

3 Herbert Hoover Born in West Branch, Iowa Born in West Branch, Iowa Orphaned at age 10, moves to Cali. w/Uncle. Orphaned at age 10, moves to Cali. w/Uncle. Attends Stanford, becomes an Engineer. Attends Stanford, becomes an Engineer. Becomes millionaire as engineer across the globe. Becomes millionaire as engineer across the globe. 1914 WWI = Comm. for relief in Belgium 1914 WWI = Comm. for relief in Belgium –Feeding those in need 1917 U.S. in the war…Hoover home to Food Administrator 1917 U.S. in the war…Hoover home to Food Administrator Sent back to Europe to aid relief work. Sent back to Europe to aid relief work. Harding & Coolidge Admin. = Sec. of Commerce Harding & Coolidge Admin. = Sec. of Commerce Easily elected, very popular man at the time. Easily elected, very popular man at the time.

4 A Most Vicious Circle

5 Hoover’s philosophy Many blame Hoover for Depression Many blame Hoover for Depression Not his fault, but response was not popular. Not his fault, but response was not popular. Rugged Individualism Rugged Individualism –Idea that success comes through individual effort and private enterprise Believed private charities and local communities should assist those in need Believed private charities and local communities should assist those in need NO FEDERAL HANDOUTS! NO FEDERAL HANDOUTS!

6 Hoover policies Encourages owners to keep factories running Encourages owners to keep factories running Public Works projects – Hoover Dam Public Works projects – Hoover Dam –Stimulate Business by providing contracts –Employ people, offer jobs. Overall $800 million in public works money. Overall $800 million in public works money. Ag. Marketing Act, Home Loan Bank Act, Reconstruction Finance Corporation Ag. Marketing Act, Home Loan Bank Act, Reconstruction Finance Corporation

7 Hoover Fails Becomes very unpopular by 1932. Becomes very unpopular by 1932. Programs aren’t working, he continues to make optimistic statements, trying to be positive. Programs aren’t working, he continues to make optimistic statements, trying to be positive. Frustration Builds, Frustration Builds, Bonus Army – 10,000 WWI Veterans march on Wash. Bonus Army – 10,000 WWI Veterans march on Wash. –Hoover has them removed, forcefully, fire…

8 Bonus Army 1932- WWI vets march on Washington demanding an early payment of their pension Problem: Pensions were in the form of bonds that couldn’t be paid out until 1945 when they matured Hoover said can’t pay yet due to need for money for public works project and it would mean putting the government into deficit.

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10 Bonus Army cont. Vets set up tents and camped out on the Mall Hoover and administration asked them to leave numerous times but they refused.

11 Hoover’s Respons Brought in the troops and the tanks! The vets’ camp was burned Fifty-five veterans were injured and 135 arrested. A veteran's wife miscarried. When 12-week-old Bernard Myers died in the hospital after being caught in the tear gas attack Attack shown on news reels

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13 The Final Results… President Franklin Roosevelt did not want to pay pensions early either but handled problem with more care. After circulating the media, so much popular support was drawn by the public Congress passed a bill to allow for early payment. FDR vetoed bill, but Congress would override his veto in 1936 and the vets would finally get their money.

14 1932 Election Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Herbert Hoover Franklin D. Roosevelt vs. Herbert Hoover –“Happy days are here again” –Promises a New Deal First modern presidential campaign First modern presidential campaign –FDR hired publicity specialist Landslide Victory Landslide Victory –23 million to 16 million popular vote –472 to 59 Electoral Votes

15 Blue: Roosevelt Red:Hoover

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17 FDR Born Wealthy, New York Born Wealthy, New York Harvard Graduate Harvard Graduate Values of Honesty, hard work and compassion for poor Values of Honesty, hard work and compassion for poor Lawyer Lawyer Extended warmth and reassuring confidence at every public appearance Extended warmth and reassuring confidence at every public appearance Aug. 1921, struck with Polio Virus Aug. 1921, struck with Polio Virus Cold, Paralysis - Never walked again Cold, Paralysis - Never walked again After recovering After recovering –Served 2 terms as Governor of NY  Created jobs for unemployed  Promoted Public works Active Government, comeback from Polio make him a hero. Active Government, comeback from Polio make him a hero.

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19 Beginning the New Deal FDR works to mobilize the federal government to rescue the nation form the Great Depression. FDR works to mobilize the federal government to rescue the nation form the Great Depression. Create government policies for “the forgotten man at the bottom of the economic pyramid”. Create government policies for “the forgotten man at the bottom of the economic pyramid”.

20 What do you see in this picture?

21 1 st Hundred Days Bank holiday declared Bank holiday declared –Every bank in nation shut down Hundred Days – remarkable period of lawmaking Hundred Days – remarkable period of lawmaking –Laws dealing with banks, industry and the economy in general were passed quickly Very Successful Very Successful

22 Why So successful? 1. Rep. & Dem. eager to help fix the Dep. 2. FDR sought advice from “Brain Trust” – group of intelligent advisers he had surrounded himself with 3. Won American people’s support – 13 “Fireside chats” on public radio


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