1. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20061 www.collegeboard.com The Price of College Sandy Baum Skidmore College and the College Board National Press Foundation October 2006

2. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20062 www.collegeboard.com Average Published Charges for Undergraduates 2006-07 (Enrollment-Weighted) Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006, Table 1.

3. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20063 www.collegeboard.com Sample Average Undergraduate Budgets, 2006-07 (Enrollment-Weighted) Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006

4. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20064 www.collegeboard.com Distribution of Full-Time Undergraduates at Public and Private Four-Year Institutions by Published Tuition and Fee Charges, 2006-07 Source: Annual Survey of Colleges, The College Board, New York, NY. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006

5. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20065 www.collegeboard.com Average Published Tuition and Fee Charges, Five-Year Intervals, 1976-77 to 2006-07 (Enrollment-Weighted) Source: 1987-88 to 2006-07: data from Annual Survey of Colleges, The College Board, New York, NY, weighted by full-time undergraduate enrollment; 1976-77 to 1986-87: data from Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), National Center for Education Statistics, weighted by full-time equivalent enrollment. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006

6. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20066 www.collegeboard.com Public 4-Year Institutions: Tuition, Fee, Room, and Board (TFRB) Charges by College Board Region in Constant (2006) Dollars, 1996-97 and 2006-07 (Enrollment-Weighted) Source: Annual Survey of Colleges, The College Board, New York, NY. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006

7. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20067 www.collegeboard.com Net Price: Published Tuition and Fee Charges Compared to Tuition and Fees After Average Grant And Education Tax Benefits Per Full-Time Undergraduate Student by Type of Institution, in Constant (2006) Dollars, 1996-97 to 2006-07 Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006, Unpublished.

8. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20068 www.collegeboard.com Published Tuition and Fee Charges Compared to Tuition and Fees After Grants and Education Tax Benefits, Full- Time Dependent Students in Constant (2003) Dollars, 1992-93 to 2003-04 Source: NPSAS: 1993, 1996, 2000, 2004, Undergraduates; calculations by authors. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006

9. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 20069 www.collegeboard.com Net Prices Relative to Family Incomes: Public Institutions Full-Time Dependent Student Net Tuition & Fees and Net Cost of Attendance (COA) as a Percentage of Family Income, 1992-93 and 2003-04 Source: NPSAS: 1993 Undergraduates, NPSAS: 2004 Undergraduates; calculations by the authors.

10. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200610 www.collegeboard.com Published Tuition and Fee Charges Compared to Tuition and Fees After Grants and Education Tax Benefits, Full- Time Dependent Students in Constant (2003) Dollars, 1992-93 and 2003-04 Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006 Source: NPSAS: 1993, 1996, 2000, 2004, Undergraduates; calculations by authors.

11. Trends in Higher Education Series 2005, October 18, 200511 www.collegeboard.com Net Prices Relative to Family Incomes: Private Nonprofit and For-Profit Institutions Full-Time Dependent Student Net Tuition & Fees and Net Cost of Attendance (COA) as a Percentage of Family Income, 1992-93 and 2003-04 Source: NCES, 2004, Digest of Education Statistics, Table 181.

12. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200612 www.collegeboard.com Number of Postsecondary Institutions Attended by Students Who Earned a Bachelor’s Degree with Average Time-to-Degree, 1999–2000 Source: NCES, 2005, The Road Less Traveled, NCES-157, Tables 8a, 8b, and 8c (Figure 11a), Tables 3c and 4c (Figure 11b), based on Beginning Postsecondary Students (BPS) Longitudinal Study, 1996 and 2001. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006, Figure 11a. 6.2 years 5.3 years

13. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200613 www.collegeboard.com Percentage of First- and Second-Year Students Who Have Taken a Remedial Course Since High School Graduation and Percentage Taking Remedial Courses in 2003-04 by Type of Institution Source: NPSAS: 2004 Undergraduates; calculations by the authors. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006

14. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200614 www.collegeboard.com Source: Table 3a and data online (collegeboard.com/trends); State Higher Education Executive Officers, 2005. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006 Annual Percentage Changes in Instructional Appropriations and in Tuition and Fees at Public Four-Year Institutions 1980-81 to 2004-05 (Constant 2004 Dollars)

15. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200615 www.collegeboard.com Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006 State and Local Appropriations for Higher Education Institutions in Constant (2004) Dollars: Total Appropriations, Appropriations per Full-Time Equivalent (FTE) Student, and Enrollments, 1980-81 to 2004-05

16. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200616 www.collegeboard.com Source: Common Fund Institute, 2006 HEPI Update, Table 3.1. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006 Percentage Changes in the Prices of Goods and Services Purchased by College and Universities Compared to the CPI and HEPI 2000-01 to 2005-06

17. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200617 www.collegeboard.com Source: Common Fund Institute, 2006 HEPI Update; U.S. Census Bureau, 2006, PINC- 03. Source: The College Board, Trends in College Pricing, 2006 Average Salaries of Full Professors at Public and Private Doctoral and Comprehensive Universities and Earnings of All Ph.D.’s in Constant (2005) Dollars, 1977–2005

18. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200618 www.collegeboard.com Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2006, Figure 1. Ten-Year Trend in Funds Used to Finance Postsecondary Education Expenses 1995-96 to 2005-06

19. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200619 www.collegeboard.com Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2006 Average Non-Need-Based and Need-Based Institutional Grants and Average Federal Plus State Grants Per Full-Time Dependent Student at Private Four-Year Colleges and Universities by Family Income Level and Tuition and Fee Charges in Constant (2003) Dollars, 1992-93 and 2003-04 Source: NPSAS: 1993 and 2004, Undergraduates; calculations by authors.

20. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200620 www.collegeboard.com Average Non-Need-Based and Need-Based Institutional Grants and Average Federal Plus State Grants Per Full-Time Dependent Student at Private Four-Year Colleges and Universities by Family Income Level and Tuition and Fee Charges in Constant (2003) Dollars, 1992-93 and 2003-04 Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2006 Source: NPSAS: 1993 and 2004, Undergraduates; calculations by authors.

21. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200621 www.collegeboard.com Source: Annual Survey of Colleges, The College Board, New York, NY. Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2006 Income Distribution of Families Within Private Colleges Grouped by Tuition and Fee Charges, 2003-04

22. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200622 www.collegeboard.com Source: NPSAS: 1993 and 2004, Undergraduates; calculations by authors. Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2006 Average Non-Need-Based and Need-Based Institutional Grants and Average Federal Plus State Grants Per Full-Time Dependent Student at Public Institutions by Family Income Level in Constant (2003) Dollars, 1992-93 and 2003-04

23. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200623 www.collegeboard.com Average Non-Need-Based and Need-Based Institutional Grants and Average Federal Plus State Grants Per Full-Time Dependent Student at Public Institutions by Family Income Level in Constant (2003) Dollars, 1992-93 and 2003-04 (continued) Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2006 Source: NPSAS: 1993 and 2004, Undergraduates; calculations by authors.

24. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200624 www.collegeboard.com Source: The College Board, Trends in Student Aid, 2006 Income Distribution of Families Within Public Two-Year and Four-Year Institutions, 2003-04

25. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200625 www.collegeboard.com Source: The College Board, Education Pays, Second Update, 2006 Median Annual Earnings Relative to Earnings of High School Graduates, Males and Females Ages 25–34, 1975–2005 Source: National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), 2004, Table 14-1, NCES, 2006, Table 22-1 (based on U.S. Census Bureau, Current Population Survey) and U.S. Census Bureau, 2006. PINC-03.

26. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200626 www.collegeboard.com Source: The College Board, Education Pays, Second Update, 2006 Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2004, Table 13; calculations by authors. Immediate College Enrollment Among Male and Female Recent High School Graduates, by Race/Ethnicity, 2004

27. Trends in Higher Education Series 2006, October 24, 200627 www.collegeboard.com Socioeconomic Status, Math Test Scores, and Level of Education Highest Level of Education in 2000 by Math Test Scores and Socioeconomic Status in High School (High School Class of 1992) Source: NCES, 2005