1. Mechanical factors in the initiation and fate of atherosclerotic plaques Peter D Weinberg Department of Bioengineering Imperial College London

2. J R A Mitchell, C J Schwartz. Arterial Disease, 1965 Flow

3. J R A Mitchell, C J Schwartz. Arterial Disease, 1965 CG Caro et al, Proc R Soc Lond B 1971;177:109-159 Flow

5. N Anitschkow. In: Arteriosclerosis (E V Cowdry, ed), 1933. Nicolai Anitschkow (1885-1964) Flow

6. J B Somer, C J Schwartz. Atherosclerosis 1971;13:293-304. Flow

7. There is a continuous movement of plasma constituents from lumen to adventitia “Lipoids” in this flow precipitate by interaction with the ground substance of the wall Lymphocytes or monocytes enter the wall and ingest lipoid, becoming foam cells Process occurs faster where there is a greater transport across the wall Insudation theory of Anitschkow N Anitschkow. In: Arteriosclerosis (E V Cowdry, ed), 1933.

8. S E Barnes, P D Weinberg. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1998;18:300-308 Flow

9. S E Barnes, P D Weinberg. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1999;19:2376-2386. Flow Immature Mature

10. A Sebkhi, P D Weinberg. Atherosclerosis 1994;106:1-8.

11. H Sinzinger et al. Blood Vessels 1980; 17: 44-52 R C Schroter, unpublished

12. P D Weinberg Biorheology 2002;39:533-537 Pictures from R C Schroter, G D Sloop, J R A Mitchell & C J Schwartz Flow

13. A Sebkhi, P D Weinberg. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996;16:317-327.

14. B A Forster, P D Weinberg. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1997;17:1361-1368.

16. T J Staughton, M J Lever, P D Weinberg. Am J Physiol 2001;281:H53-H59. ( Downstream - upstream / mean ) x 100%

17. Al-Musawi, Bishton, Dean, Williams, Cremers, Weinberg. Atherosclerosis 2004;72:79 0.2 mm

18. A Kazakidi, S J Sherwin, P D Weinberg, unpublished data

19. Roach MR, Fletcher J. Atherosclerosis. 1976;24:327-33.

20. control cuff Flow Thubrikar MJ, Baker JW, Nolan SP. Arteriosclerosis. 1988;8:410-20. control cuff

21. Cheng, C. et al. Circulation 2006;113:2744-2753