1. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Wednesday, 03 May 2006 William H. Hsu Department of Computing and Information Sciences, KSU http://www.kddresearch.org http://www.cis.ksu.edu/~bhsu Readings: Sections 12.6-12.10, Foley et al (Reference) 10.15-10.17 Hearn and Baker 2 e Slide Set 5, VanDam (8b, 11/09/1999) Lecture 42 of 42 Term Project Report Guidelines and Final Exam Review

3. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Lecture Outline Readings –Sections 12.6-12.10, Foley et al –Outside reading (optional): 10.15-10.17 Hearn and Baker 2 e –Outside reading (required): Slide Set 8b, VanDam (11/09/1999) Last Time –Overview: data structures –Boolean set operations (12.2 FVD), primitive instancing (12.3 FVD), sweeps (12.4 FVD), boundary representations (B-reps, 12.5 FVD) Today –Spatial partitioning representations Cell decomposition (Planar and) Spatial occupancy: pixel, voxel Hierarchical spatial occupancy: quadtrees, octrees; algorithms –Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) trees –Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) Next Class: Color Models; Visible Surface Determination (Intro)

4. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Terminology Modeling Solid Objects –Data structures Boundary representations (aka B-reps): describe solid in terms of surfaces Spatial partitioning representations: describe solid in terms of subparts –Basic algorithms Construction (aka composition): form new structure by composing primitives Intersection: compute intersection point (if any) with ray, line, other structure Point classification: tell whether query point lies inside or outside Spatial Partitioning –Cell decomposition: breaking complex object up into primitive cells –Planar and spatial occupancy Voxel: volumetric unit (typically cubic, resulting in cuberille) Hierarchical: variable-granularity decomposition, e.g., quadtrees and octrees –Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) tree: break space up into half-spaces –Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG): combine primitives using Boolean set operators and modify them using (unary) transformation operations

6. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Summary Points Solid Modeling: Overview –Data structures Boundary representations (B-reps): last time Spatial partitioning representations: today –Algorithms Construction (composition) Intersection, point classification –Know: difference between B-reps and spatial partitioning; pros and cons Spatial Partitioning (Review Guide) –Cell decomposition – know how to obtain for composite object (simple primitives) –Planar and spatial occupancy Simple: uniform subdivision (grid / pixel, volumetric / voxel) Hierarchical: quadtrees and octrees – know how to obtain for 2D, 3D scenes –Binary Space Partitioning (BSP) trees – know how to obtain for simple 2D object –Constructive Solid Geometry (CSG) – know typical primitives, how to combine Next Class: Color Models; Visible Surface Data Structures

7. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Lecture Outline Course Information: Format, Exams, Resources, Assignments, Grading Overview –Topics covered –What is computer graphics? –Applications Brief Tour of Computer Graphics –A case study and some demos –Survey of rendering and animation systems –Applications to computer-aided design (CAD), manufacturing (CAM), and engineering (CAE) Brief Tour of Visualization Systems –Information, data, and scientific visualization –Focus on informational graphics

8. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Course Information and Administrivia Instructor: William H. Hsu –E-mail: bhsu@cis.ksu.edubhsu@cis.ksu.edu –Phone: (785) 532-6350 (office), (785) 539-7180 (home) –Office hours: before class; by appointment Grading –Assignments (6): 25%, reviews (4): 5%, class participation: 10%, midterm: 15%, final: 25%, project: 25% –Lowest homework score and lowest paper review score dropped Homework –Six (6) assignments: programming (2), written (2), application (2) –Late policy: due on Fridays; -10% credit per day after due date –Cheating: don’t do it; see introductory handout for policy Project Option –3-hour project option for graduate students (CIS 690, 798, 890) –Term paper or semester research project –Sign up by February 11, 2005 if interested (see class web page)

9. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Web Page (Required) –http://www.kddresearch.org/Courses/Spring-2005/CIS736http://www.kddresearch.org/Courses/Spring-2005/CIS736 –Lecture notes (MS PowerPoint 97/2000/XP, Portable Document Format) –Homeworks (MS Word 97/2000/XP, HTML) –Exam and homework solutions (MS Word 97/2000/XP, PDF) –Class announcements (students responsibility to follow) and grade postings Course Notes at Copy Center (Required) Class Web Board (Required) –http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ksu-cis736-spring2005http://groups.yahoo.com/group/ksu-cis736-spring2005 –Login: Students; password: announced in class –Research announcements (seminars, conferences, calls for papers) –Discussions (instructor and other students) Mailing List (Automatic) –cis736-L@www.kddresearch.orgcis736-L@www.kddresearch.org –Sign-up sheet (course roster) –Reminders, related research, job announcements Class Resources

10. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Course Overview Graphics Systems and Techniques –2-D, 3-D models: curves, surfaces, visible surface identification, illumination –Photorealistic rendering and animation: shading models, ray tracing, radiosity –Special topics: fractals, information visualization Operations –Surface modeling, mapping –Pipelines for display, transformation, illumination, animation Computer Graphics (CG): Duality with Computer Vision Visualization and User Interfaces –Display optimization: hardware, libraries, GUI design –Techniques for quantitative information, objects, processes –Survey of statistical, data, information, and scientific visualization Applications –CAD/CAM/CAE: object transformations, surface/solid modeling, animation –Entertainment: 3-D games, photorealistic animation, etc. –Analysis: info visualization, decision support systems, intelligent displays

11. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Why Computer Graphics? Developing Computational Capability –Rendering: synthesizing realistic-looking, useful, or interesting images –Animation: creating visual impression of motion –Image processing: analyzing, transforming, displaying images efficiently Better Understanding of Data, Objects, Processes through Visualization –Visual summarization, description, manipulation –Virtual environments (VR), visual monitoring, interactivity –Human-computer intelligent interaction (HCII): training, tutoring, analysis, control systems Time is Right –Recent progress in algorithms and theory –Rapidly emergence of new I/O (display and data acquisition) technologies –Available computational power, improving price-performance-ratio of hardware –Growth and interest of graphics industries (e.g., information visualization, entertainment CAD)

12. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Image Synthesis Pipeline Graphics Database Editing Modeling Transformation Viewing Operation Graphics Database Display Traversal Visible-Surface Determination Scan Conversion Shading / Illumination Image Front-End (Geometry Processing) Back-End (Rasterization)

13. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Hypermedia User Interfaces Hypermedia –Database format (similar to hypertext) that provides display-based access to (internetworked) multimedia (text, image, audio, video, etc.) documents –Chimera: http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/chimera/http://www.ics.uci.edu/pub/chimera/ Virtual Environments –Immersion: interactive training, tutoring systems –Entertainment hypermedia Visualization and Computer-Aided Design and Engineering (CAD/CAE) –Visualization: scientific, data/information, statistics –User interfaces for CAD/CAE/CAM/CASE: http://www.isii.comhttp://www.isii.com NCSA D2K: http://d2k.ncsa.uiuc.edu Visual programming system for high-performance knowledge discovery in databases (KDD)

14. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Analytic Geometry Art and Graphic Design Cognitive Science Computer Engineering Engineering Design Education Film Human Factors Linear Algebra Numerical Analysis Relevant Disciplines Computer Graphics (CG) Parametric Equations Conics Polygon Rendering Layout CG Design Visualization Rendering Hardware VR Systems Portable/Embedded CG Color/Optical Models CG/Vision Duality Interface Design CAD CAE / CASE CAM Immersive Training Tutoring Interfaces Animation Large-Scale CG User Modeling Ergonomic Interfaces, I/O Transformations Change of Coordinate Systems Surface Modeling Physically-Based Modeling Stat/Info Visualization

15. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Curve and Surface Modeling in Computer-Aided Design (CAD) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 http://www.geocities.com/SiliconValley/Lakes/2057/nurbs.html

16. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Photorealistic Illumination Models http://www.pixar.com http://www.discreet.com http://www.aliaswavefront.com

17. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Fractal Systems http://sprott.physics.wisc.edu/fractals.htm

18. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Information Visualization Visible Decisions SeeIT(http://www.vdi.com)

19. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Design Choices and Issues in Computer Graphics Completed Design Determine Display Objective Visualize Physical Objects Monitor Process Interactively Analyze Data / Documents Determine Objectives of Graphics System Entertainment Decision Support Education Control Interface Determine and Implement Rendering Pipeline Shaded-Polygon Rendering Ray Tracing Radiosity and Polygon Shading Determine Representations In Graphics Database Solid Geometric Model Wireframe / Polygon Mesh NURBS Fractal System

20. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Math Review Overview: First Two Weeks –Review of mathematical foundations of CG: analytic geometry, linear algebra –Line and polygon rendering –Matrix transformations –Graphical interfaces Line and Polygon Rendering –Basic line drawing and 2-D clipping –Bresenham’s algorithm –Follow-up: 3-D clipping, z-buffering (painter’s algorithm) Matrix Transformations –Application of linear transformations to rendering –Basic operations: translation, rotation, scaling, shearing –Follow-up: review of standard graphics libraries (e.g., OpenGL) Graphical Interfaces –Brief overview –Survey of windowing environments (MFC, Java AWT)

21. Kansas State University Department of Computing and Information Sciences CIS 736: Computer Graphics Interesting Industrial Applications Hypermedia and Statistical Visualization Cartia ThemeScapes – http://www.cartia.comhttp://www.cartia.com 6500 news stories from the WWW in 1997 Virtual Environments for Immersive Training Normal Ignited Engulfed Destroyed Extinguished Fire Alarm Flooding DC-ARM – http://www-kbs.ai.uiuc.edu iWing – http://www.geocities.com/CapeCanaveral/3925/ Entertainment CGA