1. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Chapter 4 Reaching the Audience

2. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Self-Centered Speaker Focus on self

3. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Audience-Centered Speaker Focus on audience

4. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Analyzing and Adapting Analyze Adapt

5. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Analyzing and Adapting Analyze Adapt What do listeners know about ice packs as first aid?

6. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Getting Information about the Audience Interviews

7. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Getting Information about the Audience Surveys

8. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity

9. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Gender

10. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Age

11. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Educational background

12. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Occupation

13. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Religious affiliation

14. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Economic and social status

15. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity International Listeners Respect taboos Approval? Or insult?

16. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity International Listeners Learn nonverbal signals Evasive? Or respectful?

17. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity America’s Diverse Cultures Avoid ethnocentrism Are arranged marriages superior?

18. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity America’s Diverse Cultures Learn expectations and viewpoints

19. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Listeners with Disabilities The best resource

20. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Listeners with Disabilities Listeners who have mobility impairments

21. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Listeners with Disabilities Listeners who are deaf or hearing-impaired

22. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Diversity Listeners with Disabilities Listeners who are blind or visually impaired

23. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Knowledge

24. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Knowledge Audiences that know a lot about the topic 

25. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Knowledge Audiences that know little or nothing about the topic 

26. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Knowledge Mixed audiences 

27. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Psychology Excited?Indifferent?

28. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Psychology Interest level Assess with a survey Create interest

29. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Psychology Attitudes toward the goal Unfavorable Neutral Favorable

30. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Audience Psychology Attitudes toward the speaker Attitudes toward the occasion

31. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Occasion

32. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Occasion Time limit

33. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Occasion Purpose of the event

34. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. The Occasion Audience size

35. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Adapting during the Speech

36. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tips for Your Career

37. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tip 4.1 Develop a Positive Attitude Toward Each Audience

38. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tip 4.2 Work Closely with Interpreters

39. © 2010 The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Tip 4.3 Be Prepared to Trim Your Remarks