1. TUNDRA Ecology Keystone College Presented by Kim Sandor October 2011

2. OVERVIEW: Treeless regions Cold & windy Short growing season 2 types:  Arctic Tundra  Alpine Tundra

3. REGION:

4. CLIMATE: Arctic Tundra  Average temp. = winter -30 degrees F, summer 37-54 degrees F  Summer season 50-60 days w/24 hours of sunshine  Yearly precipitation 6-10 in.  Permafrost layer, ponds, streams, snow

5. CLIMATE: (cont.) Alpine Tundra  Summer season – 180 days  High altitudes/above treeline  Well drained soil

6. VEGETATION: Low shrubs Sedges Mosses Grasses Lichen Flowers Short for less vulnerability to wind Shallow roots to pull moisture from layer of soil above permafrost

7. VEGETATION:

8. ANIMALS: Caribou Arctic Fox Wolves Polar Bears Ravens Terns Ptarmigan Musk Ox Bear Lemming Snowy Owl Sheep Mountain Goats Migratory Birds

9. ANIMALS:

11. THREATS: Gas/Oil Exploration & Extraction Global Warming Air Pollution Ozone Depletion Pesticides

12. THREATS:

13. WORKS CITED: Photos from National Geographic Website & my own photos Information from National Geographic Website & University of CA Museum of Paleontology