Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byJustin Gray Modified over 8 years ago
2
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Location—under back muscles, behind parietal peritoneum, just above waistline; right kidney usually a little lower than left (Figure 17-1) Internal structure (Figure 17-2) Cortex—outer layer of kidney substance Medulla—inner portion of kidney Pyramids—triangular divisions of medulla Papilla—narrow, innermost end of pyramid Pelvis—expansion of upper end of ureter; lies inside kidney Calyces—divisions of renal pelvis Slide 2
3
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 3
4
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 4
5
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 5
6
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 6
7
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Microscopic structure—nephrons are microscopic units of kidneys; consist of (Figure 17-3): Renal corpuscle ▪ Bowman’s capsule—the cup-shaped top ▪ Glomerulus—network of blood capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule Renal tubule ▪ Proximal convoluted tubule—first segment ▪ Loop of Henle—extension of proximal tubule; consists of descending limb, loop, and ascending limb ▪ Distal convoluted tubule—extension of ascending limb of loop of Henle ▪ Collecting tubule—straight extension of distal tubule Slide 7
8
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 8
9
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 9
10
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 10
11
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Functions Excretes toxins and nitrogenous wastes Regulates levels of many chemicals in blood Maintains water balance Helps regulate blood pressure via secretion of renin Slide 11
12
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Occurs by a series of three processes that take place in successive parts of nephron Filtration—goes on continually in renal corpuscles; glomerular blood pressure causes water and dissolved substances to filter out of glomeruli into Bowman’s capsule; normal glomerular filtration rate 125 mL per minute Reabsorption—movement of substances out of renal tubules into blood in peritubular capillaries; water, nutrients, and ions are reabsorbed; water is reabsorbed by osmosis from proximal tubules Secretion—movement of substances into urine in the distal and collecting tubules from blood in peritubular capillaries; hydrogen ions, potassium ions, and certain drugs are secreted by active transport; ammonia is secreted by diffusion Control of urine volume—mainly by posterior pituitary hormone’s ADH, which decreases it Slide 12
13
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 13
14
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Structure (Figure 17-6)—narrow, long tubes with expanded upper end (renal pelvis) located inside kidney and lined with mucous membrane Function—drain urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder Slide 14
15
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 15
16
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Structure (Figure 17-7) Elastic muscular organ, capable of great expansion Lined with mucous membrane arranged in rugae, as is stomach mucosa Functions Storage of urine before voiding Voiding Slide 16
17
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 17
18
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Slide 18
19
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Structure Narrow tube from urinary bladder to exterior Lined with mucous membrane Opening of urethra to the exterior called urinary meatus Functions Passage of urine from bladder to exterior of the body Passage of male reproductive fluid (semen) from the body Slide 19
20
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Passage of urine from body (also called urination or voiding) Regulatory sphincters Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary) External urethral sphincter (voluntary) Bladder wall permits storage of urine with little increase in pressure Emptying reflex Initiated by stretch reflex in bladder wall Bladder wall contracts Internal sphincter relaxes External sphincter relaxes, and urination occurs Slide 20
21
Elsevier items and derived items © 2008, 2004 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. Urinary retention—urine produced but not voided Urinary suppression—no urine produced but bladder is normal Incontinence—urine is voided involuntarily May be caused by spinal injury or stroke Retention of urine may cause cystitis Cystitis—bladder infection Overactive bladder—need for frequent urination Called interstitial cystitis Amounts voided are small Extreme urgency and pain are common Slide 21
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.