1. Yu. Oganessian FLNR (JINR) PAC–meeting, June 22, 2009, Dubna Experimental activities and main results of the researches at FLNR (JINR) Theme: Synthesis of new nuclei and study of nuclear properties and heavy-ion reaction mechanism 03-05-1004-1994/2009

2. A&M ANL ORNL IPN INFN Heavy ion accelerators RIKEN GANIL GSI MSU INFN Heavy Ion National Laboratories Pioneers LBL JINR BNL CERN GSI Heavy Ion Colliders Heavy ion physics: from the beginning to now… RIB-Factory RIB

3. Nuclei close to and beyond the border line

4. Light nuclei neutrons protons Heaviest nuclei p/n - transfer & fragmentation 2 50 82 28 20 8 82 /radioactive ion beams beams of the neutron-rich projectiles: 3 H(12.3y), 6 He(0.8s) and 8 He(0.12s)... & target nuclei: 1,2 H, 3 H(12.3y), 3,4 He

5. Shells in the light nuclei beams 0.8s0.1s Radioactive ion beams

6. DIRECT 400-cm cyclotron low energy beam line stable ion beams now 7Li radioactive ion beams Dubna Radioactive Ion Beams now 6He Electron accelerator ISOL now 8He DIRECT

7. Neutron correlations

8. Strangely enough, but all the combinations: 3H, 6He, 8He (beams) + 1H, 2H, 3H (targets) have been studied.

9. no shell effect was observed Unbound strong shell effect in the “doubly-magic” nucleus structure discovery “di-neutron” in halo-nucleus 6 He FLNR 2001 superheavy hydrogen Be 2p-emission evidence of shell structure 5730y

10. discovery “di-neutron” in halo-nucleus 6 He FLNR 2001 Be 2p-emission Ne β + -2p emission 0.11s

11. 4 He Pb Sub-barrier fusion of halo nucleus 6 He neutron transfer Pb

12. targets: Au, Pb E CM - E B (MeV) Cross sections (mb ) 6He-neutron transfer 4He-neutron transfer 6He-fusion 4He-fusion Nuclear reactions induced by halo nuclei “of-line” gamma measurements

13. Experimental scheme & conditions “in-beam” gamma spectroscopy Ю.Ц. Оганесян. «Тяжелые ионы в ЛЯР». Семинар, ЛЯР ОИЯИ, Дубна, 28 апреля 2008г.

14. Heaviest nuclei

15. Light nuclei neutrons protons Heaviest nuclei Pb-based fusion 48Ca-beam & actinide target nuclei search for magic numbers 82 126 152 162 184 108 100 114

16. Island of Stability shoal peninsula continent New lands Neutron number P r o t o n n u m b e r 100110 120 130140 150 160 170 180 190 120 110 100 90 80 70 Island of Stability New lands Microscopic theory cold fusion Pb + HI hot fusion Act.+ 48 Ca

17. Reaction of Synthesis Fusion & fission

18. Cold fusion 208 Pb+ 48 Ca + 58 Fe + 86 Kr 238 U+ 48 Ca 33MeV 26MeV 21MeV Act.+ 48 Ca

19. touching point fission from the excited state quasi fission FLNR 1998 ► FLNR 1963► neutrons fission isomers spontaneous fission β-delay fission fission modes FLNR 1962 γ-rays 1940►

20. SHE Cold & hot fusion cross sections fusion survival

21. 226Ra 232Th 238U 248Cf 252Fm Z=120

22. The sensitivity of experiment corresponds to σ=0.4 pb for detection of one event. Search for Element 120

23. Fusion Probability 48 Ca+ 226 Ra 136 Xe+ 136 Xe 132 Sn+ 176 Yb Z=108

24. Decay Properties

25. 243 Am 242 Pu, 245 Cm 226 Ra Sg/266 0.2 s Hs/270 10 s 9.06  σ 4n ≈ 10pb 237 Np 244 Pu, 248 Cm 249 Cf Decay chains Decay chains 34 nuclides 48 Ca + T 1/2 = 320d 164 104/270 105/270 107/274 109/278 111/282 113/286 115/290 117/294 103/266 102/266 107/273 109/277 105/269 111/281 113/285 115/289 117/293 104/269 249 Bk + 48 Ca 2009-2010 Collaboration: FLNR (Dubna) ORNL (Oak-Ridge) LLNL (Livermore) IAR (Dmitrovgrad) Vanderbilt University (Nashville)

28. Spontaneous fission half-lives Actinides Trans-actinides Superheavy nuclei

29. With Z >40% larger than that of Bi, the heaviest stable element, that is an impressive extension in nuclear survival. Although the SHN are at the limits of Coulomb stability, shell stabilization lowers: the ground-state energy, creates a fission barrier, and thereby enables the SHN to exist. The fundamentals of the modern theory concerning the mass limits of nuclear matter have obtained experimental verification

30. Size of SH-nuclei Geiger–Nutall relation Log T α = C + D/√Q α based on invariable density of nuclear matter and nuclear size: R = r 0 ·A 1/3 perfectly works in the Region: 212 Po- 238 U, where alpha-decay half-lives changed more than 10 25 times !

31. Cold fusion Act.+ 48 Ca available for chemical studies Superheavy nuclei aren't exception to this rule

32. Chemical properties

33. Atomic properties Hg Pb Tl Bi

34. more and more inert? Periodic Table of Elements

35. transport & on-line chemistry transport & off-line chemistry

36. Half-lives of nuclei with Z ≥ 110 Half-lives of nuclei with Z ≥ 110 Act. + 48 Ca N=162 “in flight” available for chemistry & mass separation “on line” “gas catcher”

37. rotating target entrance window beam RECOILS q=q eq pumping acceleration RF RF+E RF q=1+ He H 2 +B stopping volume E separating window GAS CATCHER Guy Savard from Argonne National Laboratory beam of high quality

39. 1.Experiments on synthesis of the isotopes of element 117 in the reaction 249 Bk + 48 Ca. a) Gas-filled separator b) Chemistry: on-line Z=113 / off-line Z=105 up to July 2010 Cyclotron U-400 2009 / 2010 2. Studies of 2p-emission from 6 Be in the charge – exchange reaction 6 Li → 6 Be with ACCULINA – separator Cyclotron U-400M 3. First experiments with on-line MASHA separator Low energy beam line on Cyclotron U-400M

40. 110 scientist (16 doctors of science and 48 PhD) during next 6 years will take part in the new theme “Synthesis and properties of nuclei at the stability limits” (2010 / 2016)