1. Tropical Africa and Asia, 1200-1500 By: John Ermer AP World History Miami Beach Senior High Miami-Dade County Public Schools

2. The Tropics  Muslim world stretched from Spain to India and to southeast Asia, and southern Eurasia to Sub- Saharan Africa  Sub-Saharan Africa and Southern Asia share religious and geographic similarities  Arabic, Islam, tropical weather, monsoons  Ibn-Battuta travels through Muslim world  Tropical climates present difficulties, and many different cultures emerge throughout the tropics  Hunting and gathering  Biological changes among population (Pygmys)  Animal domestication  Water control & irrigation  Delhi Sultinate (1206-1526) canal system/dry season  Mineral wealth

3. Monsoons

5. Ibn Battuta

6. Tropical Islam  Mali (Bilad al-sudan)  Founded by Africans who earlier converted to Islam  Mostly learned of Islam through trade, not force  Islam appealed to poor (alms) and leaders (military, admin)  Grew rich through Sub-Saharan trade/gold  Sundiata leads Malinke people to victory, founds Mali  Mansa Musa’s pilgrimage to Mecca, gold & edu.  Mansa Suleiman & Ibn-Battuta’s travels  Sultanate of Delhi (India)  Turkish Muslims easily defeat small Indian states  Eventually recognized as official by caliph, pacified  Some sultans tolerant, most used terror to control land  Muslim infighting and Hindu challenges end Delhi Sultanate  Bahmani Empire (Muslim)  Vijayanager Empire (Hindu)

7. Timbuktu

8. Indian Ocean  1200: Indian Ocean=world’s richest trade zone  Western trade made on dhows (Indian ships)  Eastern trade made on junks (Chinese ships)  Swahili Africa & Zimbabwe (Sawahil al-sudan)  Arab and Iranian merchants establish trade on Swahili Coast looking for gold  Trading towns and economies emerge on east coast  Gold came from Great Zimbabwe  Inland kingdom on plateau south of Zambezi River  Declined due to ecological disaster  Aden  Rich and tolerant trading post in South Arabia  The Malabar Coast and Gujarat  Grows rich from exporting cotton and indigo West  Large textile manufacturing center  Malacca  Main port city between Indian Ocean & South China Sea  Cosmopolitan city

10. Cultural Changes  Growth of noble and slave populations  Swahili mosques combine local materials with Middle Eastern architectural styles  Hindu architecture influences mosque designs  Islam spreads literacy in Africa & Asia  Urdu Persian influenced Hindi literature  Arabic speaking Quarnic schools in Timbuktu  Status of Hindu women rise, but harems abound  Tropical women produce most of the farm work  Converting to Islam gave women more rights  Not all Arab social norms followed Islam, some non- Arab Muslim women had more rights than Arab women