1. Irredentism (from Italian irredento, "unredeemed") is any position of a state advocating annexation of territories administered by another state on the grounds of common ethnicity or prior historical possession, actual or alleged.

3. p. 237

5. 2014 pro-democracy in Kiev

6. Vladimir Putin

12. Russia took Crimea

13. The battle for eastern Ukraine

14. Mysterious convoy

16. Analyze European map over last 400 years. What do you notice overall, and particularly about Crimea? Why would Russia want Crimea?

17. p. 237

19. Devolution: the process whereby regions within a state demand and gain strength and growing autonomy at the expense of the central government.

20. Former USSR, esp. Caucasus

21. Chechnya

22. c. 2002

23. Grozny during

25. Breslan school

26. 300 children killed

27. What is source of conflict in Chechnya? See next slide:

28. The new Grozny

33. Why no significant devolutionary pressure in Switzerland?

34. Swiss cantons have much autonomy.

35. Chechnya now ‘stable’ after 30,000 to 50,000 Chechens and 5,000 Russian troops killed.

36. What is source of Russian desire for Ukraine?