1. Unit A: 1.4 Matter exists in different physical states
Describe the different states of matter
How the different states of matter behave
Experiment with the behavior of different liquids

2. States of Matter Ice (solid) – water (liquid) – Water vapor (gas)
All are 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atoms
A state change does NOT change the molecules in a substance. The arrangement of the molecules DOES change

5. Which two characteristics determine the state of matter?
Arrangement and motion of particles
Which state of matter has particles that are farthest apart?
Gas
Which state of matter has particles that are generally closest together?
Solid
Which state of matter has particles that can slide past each other but cannot move freely in any direction?
liquid

6. Solids have a definite volume and shape
Molecules are in fixed positions and are close together
Molecules can vibrate but not move around
Many solids have regular shapes (ice, table salt), though some do not (plastic or glass)

7. Liquids have definite volume but NOT definite shape
Can measure the volume, of say water, milk, or oil, but the shape depends on the container it is in.
Molecules are not tightly attached to one another, so can move independently: can flow

8. Gases have NO definite volume or shape
Gas is compressible – the molecules are very far apart compared with the molecules in a solid or liquid.
Can pump more air into a container: still a gas, same volume, different density (and less space between the molecules)

9. Gas Behavior
Exert a pressure against a container: add more air to a bicycle tire – feels harder
The speed that gas molecules move increases with temperature.
As they move around faster, the pressure on the inside of the container will increase.
P=Pressure, T=Temperature, V=Volume (PV~T)
If the T of a gas stays the same, increasing P decreases V
If the V of gas stays the same, increasing T also increases P
If the P of gas stays the same, increasing T also increases V

10. Your Own Balloon:
Blow up two similar balloons.
Let them sit for several minutes until their temperatures match the room temperature.
Measure the room temperature with a thermometer.
Measure the circumference of each balloon at the widest spot with a piece of string or a measuring tape. Record these measurements.
Place one balloon in a refrigerator or freezer, and keep the other balloon at room temperature as a control.
Measure the temperature inside the refrigerator or freezer with the same thermometer.
Leave the balloon in the refrigerator or freezer for about an hour.
Remove the balloon and measure the circumference around the widest spot as quickly as possible.
Compare this measurement to the measurement made before the balloon was placed in the refrigerator!
Allow the balloon to warm back up to room temperature and measure again! Also measure the control balloon.
Now compare the numbers. What is the relationship between temperature and volume? Does the pressure stay the same inside of the balloon? Why or why not? Use the control balloon to make sure the refrigerated balloon did not leak. How would you do this?

11. Contents within the balloon remain the same

12. How would you describe the volume and shape of the different states of matter?
A solid has a definite volume and a definite shape. A liquid has a definite volume but no definite shape. A gas has no definite volume or shape
How do particles in a solid, liquid, and gas move?
Particles in a solid vibrate in place, particles in a liquid slide over one another, and particles in a gas move about easily in any direction.