1. The Age of Imperialism 1850-1914

2. What is Imperialism?
Imperialism is the domination by one country of the political, economic, or social life of another country or region.

3. According to the map which country is
controlling the other?

4. What are the forms of Imperialism?
Colony
Imperial nation controls all aspects of the weaker country (Political, Economic and Social) Government officials are sent from the stronger nation to run the weaker country Example:
Protectorate
Weaker country has its own government
Imperial nation controls the policies of the weaker country militarily or diplomatically
Example:
Sphere of Influence
Imperial nations only control economic aspects of the nation through exclusive trading rights

5. What Forces Enabled Imperialism?
Maxim gun – (1889). World’s first automatic machine gun.
Railroads & Steamships – allowed Europeans to control their empire.
Cure for Malaria – quinine protected Europeans from disease
Ethnic and Cultural diversity – caused internal conflict and discouraged unity among some nations, especially Africa.

6. Why did European Countries Imperialize?
Economic
Political
Social
Raw Materials for Industrialization
Boost national pride and prestige
Spread Religion
Cheap Labor
Military
Naval bases, additional troops
Social Darwinism – Survival of the fittest
Money
Gain Power
White Man’s Burden
New Markets
Increased Security
Desire to spread culture
Places for settlers
Expand Territory
Exploration

7. What is Social Darwinism?
This is a great example of how science can influence social, political and economic values and actions!
Darwin’s - Survival of the fittest applied to Society
Who would be the “fittest” of the human species?
____________________ of course!

8. What is the “White Man’s Burden”?
“Take up the White Man's burden-- -Send forth the best ye breed-
Go, bind your sons to exile -To serve your captives‘ need;
To wait, in heavy harness, -On fluttered folk and wild--
Your new-caught sullen peoples, -Half devil and half child.”

9. You Decide
Which motive do you think is the most praiseworthy? Which is the least?

10. A. Imperialism B. Communism C. Nationalism D. Socialism
Throughout the 1800s, an increased demand for both raw materials and new markets for manufactured goods led European nations to pursue policies of
A. Imperialism
B. Communism
C. Nationalism
D. Socialism

11. Which of the following is not a form of imperialism?
A. Colony
B. Sphere of Influence
C. Empire
D. Protectorate

12. Which of the following is not a force that enabled European countries to conquer weaker nations?
A. Maxim Gun
B. Ethnic Unity
C. Quinine
D. Railroads

13. Which of the following was not a reason for European colonization?
A. The Industrial Revolution
B. Social Darwinism
C. Spread of Christianity
D. Isolationism

14. What was the Scramble for Africa?
Dr. David Livingston & Henry Stanley explored Africa
Sent back news about the abundance of natural resources
Reports set off a fierce competition for colonies in Africa.

15. What was the Berlin Conference of 1885?
14 Nations met in Berlin, Germany and agreed to partition Africa
Africa was divided in many pieces with no regard for the people living there
Tribal regions were split
between imperialist nations
Enemy tribes often found
themselves together within
the same borders

16. By 1914 European nations controlled 90% of Africa

17. Which nations were not colonized by 1914?

18. What does it mean to partition?
Conquer
Divide
Ignore
Destroy 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

19. What was the Berlin Conference of 1885?
A meeting to end imperialism in Africa
A meeting to partition Africa with no regard to the ethnic and tribal diversity
A meeting to discuss the building of the Berlin Wall
A meeting to partition China with no regard to the people living there 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

20. Who was King Leopold and what did he want with the Congo?
King Leopold was the monarch of Belgium.
Leopold sought the Congo for its rich natural resources of rubber, ivory and cheap labor.
In 1882 a treaty was signed with local chiefs of the Congo River valley. The treaties gave King Leopold II of Belgium personal control over the land.

21. How did King Leopold treat the natives?
Leopold licensed companies that brutally exploited Africans, by forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants.
Africans harvesting rubber in the Congo.

22. The system was unusually exploitative and brutal, even in Colonial Africa. Whipping was a common form of punishment for workers who did not meet their quotas or who disobeyed the white man's rules.

23. The man lost his hand from ropes tied too tight by Belgian Rubber Company soldiers. The boy lost his hand from soldiers that wanted to claim him as a kill.

24. A man who refused to go work in the rubber plantation looks at the severed foot and hand of his 5 year old daughter.

25. What were the effects of Leopold’s conquest of The Congo?
He killed thousands of
natives
He depleted the
resources such as
elephants and
rubber

26. What do you think could be done to stop these crimes against humanity?
You Decide
Based on the previous images, why do you think King Leopold conducted such serious penalties on the Congolese people?
What do you think could be done to stop these crimes against humanity?

27. 3. Based on this picture and what you have just learned, what do you think is King Leopold’s primary interest in the Congo?
4. Create a title for this picture.

28. What really happened? The World Demanded Changes
Much of Europe frowned upon these atrocities
He could no longer get loads for his work in the Congo and had to borrow money from the Belgium Government.
In 1908 Belgium took the lands for itself and renamed it the Belgian Congo.
Many of the hardships of the natives were reduced
and living conditions were improved.

29. Who was the first to imperialize the Congo?
King Leopold of Belgium
The country of Belgium
The country of Great Britain
King James of England 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

30. Why did King Leopold want to imperialize the Congo?
He wanted the diamonds that were there
He wanted it for his own personal use
He wanted to exploit the cheap labor, and for rubber, and ivory
Both 2 and 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

31. What were the effects of King Leopold’s control of the Congo
Leopold mistreated the natives and left thousands dead
Leopold stripped the land of its resources
Leopold used the land and its people for his own personal gain
All of the above 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30

32. NEGATIVE
POSITIVE
European medicine & improved nutrition increased life span of Africans. This caused an increase in population.
European domination led to an erosion of traditional African values
Africa was divided with no regard for the cultural and ethnic diversity
Modern transportation & communications; telegraphs, railroads, steamships, and telephones which had been created to remove the natural resources were left behind
African peoples were treated a s inferior. Forced to work long hours for low pay.
Europeans divided up Africa ignoring tribal, ethnic, and cultural boundaries. These divisions have led to ongoing tribal clashes
A small minority received improved education and economic opportunities.

33. Think Pair Share
Which effect do you think had the most lasting effect on Africa? Why?