1. America tries to contain communism in V.I.E.T.N.A.M. Chapter 12: Nixon’s the One

2. V.  Before World War II, Vietnam was part of Indochina, a French colony  After World War II, Vietnam were led by communist Ho Chi Minh and fought for independence from the French  In 1954, the French were defeated and Vietnam was divided North (communist) and South (free) Vietnam divided North/South Chapter 12: Nixon’s the One

3. I.  On August 2, 1964 two American naval ships were allegedly attacked by North Vietnamese ships  President Johnson used this attack as a reason to send U.S. forces into South Vietnam  Congress passed the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution which gave the President to oppose “communist aggression” “Incident” in Gulf of Tonkin Chapter 12: Nixon’s the One

4. E.  Operation Rolling Thunder was the name given to the U.S. Air Force’s gradual and sustained aerial bombing of North Vietnam  Operation Rolling Thunder lasted from May 1965 to November 1968 Early 1965: Operation Rolling Thunder Chapter 12: Nixon’s the One

5. T.  Communist launched offensive; for a time the communists controlled the American Embassy in Saigon  With images on T.V., the American public perceived that the U.S. was losing the war, however by the fall American forces destroyed the offensive completely  “Tet” was the name given to the Vietnamese New Year Tet Offensive (1968) Chapter 12: Nixon’s the One

6. N.  President Johnson was so unpopular due to the war that he did not run for reelection in 1968  Richard M. Nixon won the election and began what he called “Veitnamization”  “Vietnamization” meant that the South Vietnamese would increasingly take more responsibility for the war Nixon’s “Vietnamization” policy Chapter 12: Nixon’s the One

7. A.  After the Tet Offensive, the American public increasingly opposed the war  Anti-war activist were especially well organized on college campuses  Opposition to the military draft also drove anti-war sentiment Anti-war movement grows Chapter 12: Nixon’s the One

8. M.  On March 16, 1968 a unit of American soldiers shot and killed approximately 350 Vietnamese unarmed citizens at the village of My Lai  The massacre created widespread outrage both in and outside the United States and contributed to the declining support for the war My Lai Massacre Chapter 12: Nixon’s the One