1. Topography

2. Topography The Shape of the land

3. Topography of an area is determined by: Elevation: Relief: height above sea level difference in elevation (highest point and lowest point) Low relief High relief

4. Landform Topography shows us: a feature of topography Landforms, elevation and relief of each area.

5. Pair /Share What is elevation? Describe this diagram in terms of elevation. Elevation( ft)

6. Pair Share What is relief? Explain the relief in the picture.

7. Pair /Share What is Landform? Explain three different landforms in the picture:

9. What is a topographic map? Topographic maps provide information about: Maps that show the surface features of an area. The shape of the land. –Elevation –Relief –Slope

10. Contour Lines: lines on the map that connect points of equal elevation

11. Contour interval: change in elevation from one line to the next…imagine each line like a step up or down

12. Contour lines Relationship between topographic features and contour lines

13. Let’s take a walk up a hill!

14. We’re now at an elevation of 100 meters. 100m

15. Now we’re at 200m. 100m 200m

16. Shall we march on? 100m 200m

17. We’ve made it to 300m! 100m 200m 300m

18. On to the peak! 100m 200m 300m

19. We’re on the peak, but what’s our elevation? 100m 200m 300m

20. Any ideas? 100m 200m 300m Let’s add contour lines for every 50 meters and see if that helps.

21. 100m 200m 300m We know that we are above 350m, but less than 400m. 50m 150m 250m 350m

22. Let’s now look at the same hill, but the way we might see it from an airplane!

23. Each color change represents a 50 meter increase.

24. Features of Topographic Maps Relationship between 3D and 2D representation 3D view 2D view

25. Pair Share: What does it mean if the contour lines are close together?

26. Pair Share: What does it mean if the contour lines are far apart?

27. Notice how the contour lines are used to show how gentle or steep the slope is.

28. Why would it be important to know if something was steep or gentle slope?

29. Sometimes on maps you will see dark colored lines? Why do you think they have dark colored contour lines on the map?

30. Index Contours is a contour line that is thicker or darker. occur every fifth contour line.

31. Hills Represented by a series of contour lines in a rough circle

32. Streams looks like an upside down V. It opens in the direction the water is flowing.

33. Depressions Show indents. Drawn with marks on the inside.

34. Pair Share 1.What are index contours and how are they shown on the map? 2.Why are index contours important? 3.If you were to create a topographical map what would it look like if you were to try and show a hill? 4.If you were to create a topographical map what would it look like if you were to try and show a depression or stream?

35. Topographic maps also identify natural structures and structures made by man.

36. Topographical Map

37. 1. Name the highest elevation shown for this volcano. 2. What is the contour interval of this map? 1000 1250 1500 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 2250 2500 1000

38. Point B sits right on the 10 ft contour line. Since all points on this line have an elevation of 10 ft, the elevation of point B is 10 ft. 3. What is the elevation of Point B?

39. Point C does not sit directly on a contour line so we can not determine the elevation precisely. We do know that point C is between the 10ft and 20 ft contour lines so its elevation must be greater than 10 ft and less than 20 ft. Because point C is midway between these contour lines we can estimate the elevation is about 15 feet (Note this assumes that the slope is constant between the two contour lines, this may not be the case). 4. What is the elevation of Point C?

40. We are even less sure of the elevation of point D than point C. Point D is inside the 20 ft. contour line indicating its elevation is above 20 ft. Its elevation has to be less than 30 ft. because there is no 30 ft. contour line shown. But how much less? There is no way to tell. The elevation could be 21 ft, or it could be 29 ft. There is now way to tell from the map. 5. What is the elevation of Point D?

41. Just as with point C above, we need to estimate the elevation of point E somewhere between the 0 ft and 10 ft contour lines it lies in between. Because this point is closer to the 10 ft line than the 0 ft. line we estimate an elevation closer to 10. In this case 8 ft. seems reasonable. Again this estimation makes the assumption of a constant slope between these two contour lines. 6. What is the elevation of Point E?

42. Review Questions 1. How are contour lines drawn on maps? 2. How does a contour map show whether a slope is gentle or steep? 3.Describe at least four natural or man-made structures that can be shown on a topographic map

43. How’s It Used? Can you think of some ways a topographic map might be used? Topographic Maps are used in: –Geographic Planning –Architecture –Civil Engineering –Earth Sciences –Mining –Hiking

44. Warm-up #5 Write if each example of chemical or mechanical weathering. 1.Halite in rocks is dissolving. 2.Acid from plant roots break up the rock. 3.Wind blows sand around cutting at the side of a mountain. 4.Carbonic Acid dissolves limestone creating a stalagmite in a cave 5.A rock turns red due to oxidation 6.A rock becomes smaller as it travels down stream.

45. Warm-Up # 1 What is a contour line? A line that connects points of equal elevation. What are 4 major agents of erosion? Water, wind, ice and gravity What is the dominant agent of weathering and erosion. Water

46. Warm-Up # 5 1. What is a contour line? 2. The change in one elevation to the next is called? 3.A ____ map shows the surface features of an area. 4.Explain how weathering, erosion and deposition change the topography of the land?

47. Warm-Up # 7 1. What is a contour line? 2. Describe the difference between a high relief and a low relief. 3.Draw a: a.Depression b.Hill 4. What causes iron to rust? 5. What type of weathering is it when water dissolves a rock?

48. Warm-Up # 3 1. What is a contour line? 2. Describe the difference between a high relief and a low relief. 3.Draw a: a.Depression b.Hill

49. What is the elevation at A:, B:, C:, D: E:? Warm Up #8