1. D.N.A
In humans, the allele for dimples (D) is dominant. The allele for not having dimples (d) is recessive. A woman (DD) and a man (Dd) have four children. Which of these if the predicted ratio of the children with dimples to the children without dimples? D D
1:0
1:1
1:3
3:1 DD DD D Dd Dd d

2. PEDIGREE
IN ORDER TO DETERMINE WHETHER A DISEASE OR TRAIT WILL BE PASSED TO FAMILY MEMBERS, A PEDIGREE IS CREATED

3. A Pedigree Chart Is a map of a family’s genotypes
It can be used to trace a disease or interesting trait through a family

4. A square represents a male
A circle represents a female

5. If it is filled in, means the male or female has a trait
Effected Female
Effected Male

6. If it is unfilled in, means the male or does not express the trait or is homozygous recessive
Uneffected female
Uneffected male

7. A horizontal line between a circle and a square means that they are married

8. If there is a line coming down from the connected couple, it means they have children

9. How many males are there in the family
How many males are there in the family? How many females are there in the family? How many people in the whose family have the disease? What is the sex of the parent who has the disease? 6 7 4
Female

10. IN HUMANS, THE ALLELE FOR HAVING FEET WITH NORMAL ARCHES IS DOMINANT (A). THE ALLELE FOR FLAT FEET IS RECESSIVE (A). THE PEDIGREE BELLOW SHOWS THE OCCURRENCE OF NORMAL ARCHES AND FLAT FEET IN FOUR GENERATIONS OF A FAMILY. IN THE PEDIGREE, INDIVIDUALS ARE IDENTIFIED BY THE GENERATION AND INDIVIDUAL NUMBERS.