2. INTRODUCTION IFAD’s focus is on rural poverty reduction (IFAD’s strategic framework and regional strategies). Indigenous peoples number some 300 million in 70 countries; majority are poor and marginalized. Majority live in marginal areas, often in conflict zones, but with considerable potential. Indigenous peoples are stewards of biodiversity and traditional knowledge of natural resource management. They seek to benefit from development interventions, while safeguarding their cultures, values and institutions.

3. IFAD’s Experience Securing indigenous peoples’ rights Supporting the recovery and strengthening of their traditional land rights Providing legal defence funds to help indigenous peoples pay the costs of legal action Raising awareness of constitutional rights through training, studies and information campaigns

4. IFAD’s Experience Revitalizing traditional knowledge systems Blending traditional knowledge with modern technology and developing new value-added products Strengthening traditional medicinal knowledge and practice Conflict prevention and peace building Achieving reconciliation at community level by promoting grass-roots organizations to undertake development actions Promoting multi-stakeholder participation and involving women as peace brokers

5. Lessons Learned Local development funds managed directly by indigenous communities  ownership, skills Strengthening existing indigenous peoples’ organizations  enhanced participation, negotiation Sensitivity to local culture and promotion of bilingual and multicultural education  stronger indigenous identity and self-esteem Grant financing for innovative activities

6. Changing Context Increasing political support Recognition of indigenous peoples at international level Policies and programmes by international organizations and OECD countries Greater understanding of their aspirations Recognition and respect of indigenous peoples’ rights Respect of indigenous culture and knowledge systems Rights to meaningful participation Autonomy of action

7. Opportunities and Challenges Potential for production of niche products Increased opportunity due to opening up of markets Potential to compensate indigenous peoples for environmental services Constraints due to inadequate infrastructure including markets Globalization  intensification  narrow specialization  environmental implications Trade-related issue

8. The Way Forward Broad-based partnership with all stakeholders Based on past experience, replicate and scale up innovative projects in the following three areas: Strengthening or recovering indigenous peoples’ rights to their ancestral lands and related resources Supporting preparation and implementation of land management plans incorporating indigenous knowledge systems Developing mechanisms for compensating indigenous peoples for environmental services they provide to the world

9. Issues for Discussion Are the three areas suggested by IFAD relevant for the support of indigenous peoples? How, with whom and for what purpose should a broad- based partnership be established to further the cause of indigenous peoples? What are some other innovative approaches/interventions to support them and how can IFAD and others play a role?