2. Introduction: Most devastating war in human history Most devastating war in human history 55 million dead 55 million dead 1 trillion dollars 1 trillion dollars Began in 1939 as strictly a European Conflict Began in 1939 as strictly a European Conflict Widened to include most of the world Widened to include most of the world

3. Worldwide Depression Countries short of supplies Still trying to recover from World War I Economic hardtimes worldwide

4. How It Began Lots of factors Lots of factors WWI leftovers WWI leftovers Germany defeated in and had to pay cost of war. In huge economic depression Germany defeated in and had to pay cost of war. In huge economic depression Italy victorious but wanted more territory Italy victorious but wanted more territory Japan victorious but wanted China Japan victorious but wanted China Allies had expected Germany to pay for damages during World War I Allies had expected Germany to pay for damages during World War I Didn’t have enough money to do this Didn’t have enough money to do this Adolph Hitler, leader of Germany during the 20’s, said Germany had been treated unfairly. Adolph Hitler, leader of Germany during the 20’s, said Germany had been treated unfairly. Believed only Germans with blond hair and blue eyes were “true Germans” Believed only Germans with blond hair and blue eyes were “true Germans” Blamed Jews for many of the problems. Blamed Jews for many of the problems.

5. Rise of Hitler Nazi Party organized, 1920s Nazi Party organized, 1920s Nazi party largest in Germany, 1932 Nazi party largest in Germany, 1932 Hitler voted as chancellor, 1933 Hitler voted as chancellor, 1933 New parliament created New parliament created 450, 000 members 450, 000 members Larger than German military Larger than German military Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war. Rebuilt Germany’s economy by preparing for another war. Built tanks, guns and other war supplies Built tanks, guns and other war supplies Wanted to Rule the World Wanted to Rule the World

6. Hitler Gets Busy Jewish Boycott – April, 1933 Jewish Boycott – April, 1933 Jewish Books Banned & Burned – May, 1933 Jewish Books Banned & Burned – May, 1933 27,000 People in Camps – July, 1933 27,000 People in Camps – July, 1933 60,000 People in Camps – 1938 60,000 People in Camps – 1938 Illegal to Leave Germany – October, 1941 Illegal to Leave Germany – October, 1941

7. German Territorial Gains Austria – March, 1938 Austria – March, 1938 Border of Czechoslovakia – Sept., 1938 Border of Czechoslovakia – Sept., 1938 All of Czechoslovakia – March, 1939 All of Czechoslovakia – March, 1939 Poland – Sept., 1939 Poland – Sept., 1939 By Summer of 1940, Germany Controlled Most of Europe By Summer of 1940, Germany Controlled Most of Europe World shocked as France falls to Germans World shocked as France falls to Germans

8. German Dictator, Adolph Hitler

9. The War Begins Japan, Italy, and Germany began taking over other countries. Sept. 1, 1939 Germany invaded Poland British and French leaders had had enough! Declared war on Germany on Sept. 3, 1939. British and French not able to stop Germany from taking over other countries.

10. The United States Many thought we should stay out President Franklin Roosevelt promised to keep up out of the war. Prepared for attack just in case. 1st peacetime draft Men ages 21-39 had to register Started making war supplies

11. Japanese Invasion Spreads Japanese invaded Indochina, now what is Cambodia, Laos,and Vietnam American leaders were afraid Japan would threaten the Philippines and other Pacific islands They were RIGHT!

12. U.S. Enters the War December 7, 1941, Japanese planes attacked Pearl Harbor in the Hawaiian Islands. Dropped bombs on American ships at the Pearl Harbor naval base. In less than two hours, Japan had destroyed most of the U.S. Pacific fleet. More than 2,000 sailors and 68 civilians were killed.

14. Declaration of War Day after the attack at Pearl Harbor President Roosevelt asked Congress to declare war on Japan Congress declared war that same day. Italy and Germany, Japan’s allies, declared war on the U.S. three days later.

16. Sides are Drawn Axis Powers Germany Japan Italy Allies United States Britain France

17. Americans at War Produced more and more airplanes, tanks, and other war supplies Created new jobs World War II ended the Great Depression Women took over many of the jobs Power of the federal government grew Rationing, or limited what Americans could buy so supplies could be sent overseas.

18. Problems for Japanese Americans Some military leaders distrusted Japanese Americans Were afraid they would help the “enemy” Roosevelt orderd 110,000 Japanese Americans into “relocation camps” Like prisons, fenced in with barbed wire Soldiers guarded the camps with guns Had to sell their homes, businesses, and belongings.

19. Problems Continue Moved to Utah, California, Arizona, Wyoming, Arkansas, and Idaho Had to wear identification tags Over 17,000 Japanese Americans served in Army units even though their friends and families were being locked away by their own country.

20. January 1933: Hitler became Chancellor of Germany

21. Hitler rearming Germany Hitler visits a factory and is enthusiastically greeted. Many Germans were grateful for jobs after the misery of he depression years.

22. March 1938: Nazi Germany annexed Austria Again, this went against the terms of the Treaty of Versailles which banned Germany from uniting with Austria. However, the arrival of German troops was met with great enthusiasm by many Austrian people.

23. March 1939: Germany invaded Czechoslovakia Hitler had ordered the occupation of a part of Czechoslovakia known as the Sudetenland (in October 1938). Many hoped that that this would be the last conquest of the Nazis. However, in March 1939, he ordered his troops to take over the remainder of Czechoslovakia. This was the first aggressive step that suggested that a war in Europe would soon begin.

24. Those Dumb Enough To Ally Stalin and the Soviet Union, 1939 Stalin and the Soviet Union, 1939 Betrayed by 1941 Betrayed by 1941 Mussolini and Italy, 1939 Mussolini and Italy, 1939 Off and on betrayed until Italian defeat in 1943 Off and on betrayed until Italian defeat in 1943

25. Hitler and Stalin (the Russian leader) signed a ‘non- aggression pact’. They promised that neither country would attack the other in the event of war. As part of the deal, Hitler promised Stalin part of Poland, which he planned to invade soon. August 1939: Germany and Russia signed a non-aggression pact This photo shows the Russian foreign minister signing the pact, whilst Stalin stands smiling in the background

26. The non-aggression pact was surprising. Hitler and Stalin were seen as natural enemies. When Hitler talked of taking over new land for Germany, many thought that he meant Russia. Hitler also hated Communism, the form of government in Russia Hitler Stalin

27. But, the pact allowed Germany to march into Poland without fear of an attack from Russia. On 3 rd September 1939, Germany invaded Poland and started a War with Britain and France. September 1939: Germany invaded Poland German troops marching into Warsaw, the capital of Poland.

28. May 1940: Germany turned west and invaded France and the Netherlands In May 1940, Germany used Blitzkrieg tactics to attack France and the Netherlands. British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France. British troops were forced to retreat from the beaches of Dunkirk in northern France. Captured British troops, May 1940

29. By June 1940, France had surrendered to the Germans Britain now stood alone as the last remaining enemy of Hitler’s Germany in Western Europe. Adolf Hitler tours Paris after his successful invasion.

30. “...We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall fight in the seas and oceans...We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing- grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender...” “...We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end...We shall fight in the seas and oceans...We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing- grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender...” — Winston Churchill

31. “We have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears and sweat.” — Winston Churchill

32. “Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that, if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will say, ‘This was their finest hour.’” — Winston Churchill

33. September 1940-May 1941: the Blitz For the following nine months, the German air force (Luftwaffe) launched repeated bombing raids on British towns and cities. This was known as the BLITZ and was an attempt to bomb Britain into submission.

34. Operation Barbarossa, June 1941 But in May, 1941, Hitler ordered a change of tactics. He decided to halt the bombing of Britain and launch an attack against Russia. He betrayed Stalin and ignored the promises he had made. This was a bold move that would prove to be an important turning point in the War.

35. Maximum Axis Control (Sept 1942)

36. Allied Counterattacks in Europe Soviet Soviet North Africa North Africa Italy Italy Normandy Normandy Battle of the Bulge Battle of the Bulge

38. Allied Counterattacks in Europe Surrender Surrender Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt Stalin, Churchill, Roosevelt The Marshall Plan The Marshall Plan

39. Japan’s Invasion China China Blockade Blockade Pearl Harbor Pearl Harbor Southeast Asia Southeast Asia

40. PEARL HARBOR THE DAY OF INFAMY December 7, 1941

41. USS Arizona

42. Causes… The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina The U.S. demanded that Japan withdraw from China and Indochina Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land and resources to rule once they were victorious. Japan thought that attacking the U.S. would provide them an easy win, and a territory with abundant land and resources to rule once they were victorious. The U.S. oil embargo against Japan was hurting Japan’s economy The U.S. oil embargo against Japan was hurting Japan’s economy

44. USS Arizona

45. Battle Sequence 5 PHASE ATTACK BY JAPANESE… 5 PHASE ATTACK BY JAPANESE… (as noted by the U.S. Navy) PHASE 1: Combined torpedo plane and dive bomber attacks lasting from 7:55 a.m. to 8:25 a.m. PHASE 1: Combined torpedo plane and dive bomber attacks lasting from 7:55 a.m. to 8:25 a.m. PHASE 2: Lull in attacks lasting from 8:25 - 8:40 a.m. PHASE 2: Lull in attacks lasting from 8:25 - 8:40 a.m. PHASE 3: Horizontal bomber attacks from 8:40 – 9:15 a.m. PHASE 3: Horizontal bomber attacks from 8:40 – 9:15 a.m. PHASE 4: Dive bomber attacks between 9:15-9:45 a.m. PHASE 4: Dive bomber attacks between 9:15-9:45 a.m. PHASE 5: Warning of attacks and completion of raid after 9:45 a.m. PHASE 5: Warning of attacks and completion of raid after 9:45 a.m.

48. Eyewitness Account Commander Mitsuo Fuchida Commander Mitsuo Fuchida “Veering right toward the west coast of the island, we could see that the sky over Pearl Harbor was clear. Presently the harbor itself became visible across the central Oahu plain, a film of morning mist hovering over it. I peered intently through my binoculars at the ships riding peacefully at anchor. One by one I counted them. Yes, the battleships were there all right, eight of them! But our last lingering hope of finding any carriers present was now gone. Not one was to be seen.” “Veering right toward the west coast of the island, we could see that the sky over Pearl Harbor was clear. Presently the harbor itself became visible across the central Oahu plain, a film of morning mist hovering over it. I peered intently through my binoculars at the ships riding peacefully at anchor. One by one I counted them. Yes, the battleships were there all right, eight of them! But our last lingering hope of finding any carriers present was now gone. Not one was to be seen.”

49. Warfare Used During Attack Warfare Used During Attack Japan -8-8-8-81 Fighter Planes -1-1-1-135 Dive Bombers -1-1-1-104 Horizontal Bombers -4-4-4-40 Torpedo Planes -A-A-A-At least 5 Midget Submarines

52. Warfare (continued) United States United States - 108 Fighter Planes (59 not available for flight) - 35 Army Bombers (27 not available for flight) - 993 Army/Navy Antiaircraft Guns

53. Casualties Japan -L-L-L-Less then 100 men -2-2-2-29 planes -5-5-5-5 midget submarines United States -2-2-2-2,335 servicemen killed, 68 civilians killed, 1,178 wounded -1-1-1-188 planes -1-1-1-18 ships (8 battleships, 3 light cruisers, 3 destroyers, 4 other vessels)

56. USS Arizona Burning: 1,100+ servicemen died on the ship

57. Eyewitness Account Marine Corporal E.C. Nightingale Marine Corporal E.C. Nightingale “I was about three quarters of the way to the first platform on the mast when it seemed as though a bomb struck our quarterdeck. I could hear shrapnel or fragments whistling past me. As soon as I reached the first platform, I saw Second Lieutenant Simonson lying on his back with blood on his shirt front. I bent over him…He was dead…” “I was about three quarters of the way to the first platform on the mast when it seemed as though a bomb struck our quarterdeck. I could hear shrapnel or fragments whistling past me. As soon as I reached the first platform, I saw Second Lieutenant Simonson lying on his back with blood on his shirt front. I bent over him…He was dead…”

59. Eyewitness Account Lt. Ruth Erickson, USN (Nurse) Lt. Ruth Erickson, USN (Nurse) “The first patient came into our dressing room at 8:25 a.m. with a large opening in his abdomen and bleeding profusely. They started an intravenous and transfusion. I can still see the tremor of Dr. Brunson’s hand as he picked up the needle. Everyone was terrified. The patient died within the hour.” “The first patient came into our dressing room at 8:25 a.m. with a large opening in his abdomen and bleeding profusely. They started an intravenous and transfusion. I can still see the tremor of Dr. Brunson’s hand as he picked up the needle. Everyone was terrified. The patient died within the hour.”

61. Effects/Outcome Japan dealt a seemingly crippling blow to the U.S. Pacific fleet (U.S. Pacific Fleet aircraft carriers: Lexington, Enterprise, & Saratoga were not in port) Japan began their quest for a Pacific empire The U.S. finally was forced to join World War II (“The Sleeping Giant was awakened”) The U.S. & Great Britain declare war on Japan (Dec. 8, 1941) Germany & Italy declare war on the U.S. (Dec. 11, 1941)

63. December 8, 1941 FDR Speech “Yesterday, Dec. 7, 1941 - A date which will live in infamy – the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan.” FDR Infamy Speech FDR Infamy Speech

65. Allied Counterattacks in the Pacific Midway Midway Southeast Asia Southeast Asia Island hopping Island hopping Japanese main islands Japanese main islands

66. Pacific War

67. Battle Of Midway The fight for the Pacific

68. BATTLE OF MIDWAY, a decisive naval battle of World War II that demonstrated that bombers from aircraft carriers, properly utilized, could defeat a superior surface force. This victory by the United States over Japan in June 1942 ended the Japanese advance in the Pacific Ocean.

69. Having achieved its initial military goals by early 1942, the Japanese decided to take more Pacific outposts-- including Midway Island in order to establish an outer defense line. The Japanese fleet, under Adm. Yamamoto Isoroku, also hoped to draw the remaining U. S. aircraft carriers into battle.

70. The Japanese planned to attack the Island of Midway, expanding their hold on the Central Pacific. American intelligence intercepted Japanese plans and knew of the impending Japanese attack. The Americans sent their entire carrier force, including the recently damaged "Yorktown," to intercept the Japanese force. The Americans succeeded in sinking four Japanese carriers, loosing only the "Yorktown." This was the turning point in the Pacific War.

71. Yamamoto erred in dividing his force of more than 160 vessels. The U.S. commander, Adm. Chester Nimitz, with 76 ships available, including the carriers Hornet, Enterprise, and Yorktown, was stronger than the Japanese thought. Searches by U.S. aircraft established the position of the Japanese fleet

72. Early on June 4, Vice Admiral Nagumo, in command of the Japanese carriers, launched 108 planes for an attack on Midway, 240 miles (386 km) to the southeast. American fighters sent to intercept them were outmaneuvered by Japanese fighters. Bombs damaged Midway, but the runways were not put out of action.

73. Two other waves of more than 40 bombers were sent to find the Japanese, and did, but they scored no hits, and all but a few were shot down. But the maneuvers of the Japanese carriers had kept their bombers from taking off, and their fighter planes were out of position because of their fight with the attackers. At 10:26, 37 U.S. bombers struck with devastating effect.

75. Normandy Invasion, D-Day

76. Normandy Invasion (D-Day) June 6, 1944 June 6, 1944 During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italy During this time, Soviet Union was pushing into Poland and Allies were pushing North in Italy Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton influential in leading attack Generals Dwight D. Eisenhower and George Patton influential in leading attack 3 million ally troops to attack 3 million ally troops to attack

81. Normandy Invasion cont. D – Day  60 mile stretch of beach  156,000 troops  4,000 landing craft  600 warships  11,000 planes  Largest land-sea-air operation in history  Omaha beach known as one of the most brutal areas brutal areas

82. The D-Day Museum in Portsmouth, England claims a total of 2,500 Allied troops died, while German forces suffered between 4,000 and 9,000 total casualties on D-Day. The D-Day Museum in Portsmouth, England claims a total of 2,500 Allied troops died, while German forces suffered between 4,000 and 9,000 total casualties on D-Day. The Heritage Foundation in the U.S. claims 4,900 U.S. dead on D-Day The Heritage Foundation in the U.S. claims 4,900 U.S. dead on D-Day The U.S. Army Center of Military History cites a total casualty figure for U.S. forces at 6,036. This number combines dead and wounded in the D-Day battles The U.S. Army Center of Military History cites a total casualty figure for U.S. forces at 6,036. This number combines dead and wounded in the D-Day battles John Keegan, American Historian and Author believes that 2,500 Americans died along with 3,000 British and Canadian troops on D-Day John Keegan, American Historian and Author believes that 2,500 Americans died along with 3,000 British and Canadian troops on D-Day By the end of the of the entire Normandy Campaign, nearly 425,000 Allied and German troops were killed, wounded, or missing. By the end of the of the entire Normandy Campaign, nearly 425,000 Allied and German troops were killed, wounded, or missing.

84. Normandy Invasion cont. The battle continues W/in 1 month, a million more troops W/in 1 month, a million more troops September 1944, France was freed from September 1944, France was freed from Nazi control Nazi control

85. D Day June 6, 1944, the largest water-to-land invasion in history General Dwight D.Eisenhower led the invasion. American, Canadian, and British troops crossed the English Channel. Landed on the beaches of Normandy, in France Many troops died, but the invasion was successful.

87. Fighting Continues at Normandy Allies broke through the German lines Moved inland, pushing back the enemy Germans counterattacked at the Battle of the Bulge in December 1944 American general, George Patton turned the Germans back. Patton was the most outstanding general during the invasion of France.

88. Russia helps Out Also fighting the Germans Pushed back from the east. May 1945 Allied troops from the east and west met near Berlin, the German capital Learned Hitler had killed himself. Berlin fell to the Soviets on May 2, 1945 Germany surrendered on May 8, 1945 Victory in Europe Day or V-E Day End of the War in Europe

89. Battle of the Bulge December 16, 1944 December 16, 1944 German tanks broke through American lines (80 mile front) German tanks broke through American lines (80 mile front) Fought in Belgium - Germany was trying to capture Antwerp Fought in Belgium - Germany was trying to capture Antwerp Very brutal war - one of the most extensive of U.S. military (120 American GIs captured and mowed down by SS machine guns and pistols) Very brutal war - one of the most extensive of U.S. military (120 American GIs captured and mowed down by SS machine guns and pistols)

91. Battle of the Bulge Cont. Germans were winning in the beginning Germans were winning in the beginning 120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and guns and 1,600 planes – leading to defeat)) 120,000 Germans died (also lost 600 tanks and guns and 1,600 planes – leading to defeat)) 80,000 Americans died 80,000 Americans died Americans won, but were close to losing Americans won, but were close to losing

92. The Allies Win the War Lesson 5

93. A New Kind of WAR Moved quickly by tanks, ship, and airplanes. Didn’t live in trenches Bombs dropped by planes destroyed everything including thousands of civilians Area covering almost half the world Fought on two major front, or battle lines Africa and Europe and the other the Pacific

95. War in Africa and Europe Allies’ battle plan in Europe Gain control of the Mediterranean Sea Invade Italy Defeat Germans and Italians in North Africa September 1943, Italians surrendered. German forces kept fighting

96. President Roosevelt Dies Did not live to see the end of World War II. Died on April 12, 1945 Vice President Harry S. Truman became President.

97. The Holocaust Jews, Gypsies, and people with disabilities were hated by Hitler and the Nazis. Put in concentration camps. Some were used for cruel medical experiments. Arrested Jews all over the world. Mass murdered the Jews, known as the Holocaust. More than 12 million men, women, and children were killed. At least 6 million were JEWS.

99. War in the Pacific The Second front of the war. Japanese troops landed in the Philippines after bombing Pearl Harbor. Forced Americans to surrender General Douglas McArthur promised the people of the Philippines, “I shall return.” Two years later, he did.

101. Turning Point Japanese seemed to be winning the war. May 1942, the U.S. navy defeated the Japanese fleet in the Battle of the Coral Sea. In June, American ships sank four enemy aircraft carriers at the Battle of Midway. Japan’s navy never recovered its losses! Allies began forcing Japanese from the lands they had taken over.

103. Island Hopping American plan to take back only the most important islands on the way to Japan. Allies bombed Japan from the air to weaken the soldiers there General McArthur began his invasion to take back the Philippine Islands, as promised. Battles of Iwo Jima and Okinawa were bloody and cost thousands of lives.

105. A Secret Weapon A Secret Weapon President Truman found out former President Roosevelt had allowed the development of the Atomic Bomb The most powerful bomb the world had ever known. Summer of 1945, the atomic bomb was ready. Truman wanted to end the war quickly to save American lives.

106. The Sky Explodes August 6, 1945, the American bomber, Enola Gay dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima. A flash like an exploding Sun Mushroom shaped cloud rose from the city Killed over 75,000 civilians Japan still DID NOT SURRENDER!

107. The Atomic Bomb at Hiroshima

108. The Enola Gay On August 6, 1945, the B-29 Enola Gay, under colonel Paul Tibbits left Tinian airbase in the West Pacific. The six hour flight went exactly as expected. The bomb was armed midway and clear weather permitted for accuracy.

109. Hiroshima Before The Atomic Bomb

110. Hiroshima After The Atomic Bomb

111. The Mushroom Cloud 8:15 AM, “The Little Boy” was dropped over the center of Hiroshima It exploded about 2,000 ft. above the city and had a blast the equivalent to 13 kilotons of TNT. Due to radiation, approximately 152,437 additional people have died.

112. Nagasaki During World War II Nagasaki was one of the largest seaports in southern Japan. The city was important during the war because of great industrial activity. Most residences and industrial buildings were made of wood. Since the city had been permitted to grow without any strict zoning laws, most buildings and residences were constructed closely to each other.

113. Formal Warning to Japan The leaflets called for a petition to the Emperor of Japan to stop the war and agree to thirteen consequences of an honorable surrender. Sample Leaflet On August 10, 1945 thousands of leaflets were dropped over the city of Nagasaki

114. Bockscar Sometimes called Bock’s car. B-29 bomber Superfortress, flown by Major Charles W. Sweeney dropped the “Fat Man” on August 9, 1945. The Bockscar did didn't have enough fuel to return to Tinian or Iwo Jima, so Major Sweeney flew the aircraft to Okinawa for an emergency landing with practically dry fuel tanks. for an emergency landing with practically dry fuel tanks.

115. The Bombing: Nagasaki BeforeAfter

116. Japanese Realization Tokyo control operator of JBC noticed Hiroshima station went off air. Complete silence when military bases called Army Control Station. White House public announcement was Tokyo’s first knowledge of the attack. Japan did not immediately surrender after the bombings. Emperor Hirohito was forced to agree to the Potsdam Declaration.

117. The Second Bomb August 9, 1945, the United States dropped the second bomb on Japan. Nagasaki. Japan surrendered on August 15, 1945 V-J Day or Victory over Japan Day. World War II was FINALLY over! Over 300,000 Americans dead and over 15 millions other soldiers from other countries died in the fighting.

118. Improved Medicine Penicillin and sulfa helped fight infections. DDT, a new chemical to kill mosquitoes helped prevent malaria and other diseases.

119. A Changed World Another world organization of nations U.S. supported it this time United Nations was formed in April 1945. Goal was to keep world peace Promote cooperation among nations

120. Changes in Technology Airplanes became a major weapon. Drones, planes that flew without pilots dropped bombs on cities. Transport planes parachuted soldiers into battle. Aircraft carriers launched plans from the sea. Antiaircraft guns, special cannons Radio detection and ranging RADAR, could located planes and ships in bad weather or at night.

121. America, the Strongest Nation America became the world’s strongest nation Helped other nations rebuild Trouble on the horizon Soviet Union became bitter Soviet Union set up a communist government Communism is a system in which all property is owned by the government.

122. U.S. Opinion of Communism Saw communism as a threat to freedom Helped support countries in their fight against the spread of communism. Hostility, or unfriendliness developed between the free world and the communist countries. Called the “cold war” because it was fought with propaganda and money instead of soldiers and weapons.

123. Germany Surrenders May 7, 1945

124. Notes and Starters Unit 5 Unit 5

125. Adolf Hitler--Germany Adolf Hitler--Germany Benito Mussolini--Italy Benito Mussolini--Italy Joseph Stalin--Russia Joseph Stalin--Russia Totalitarian Government

126. Hitler Invated Austria in 1922 Hitler Invated Austria in 1922

127. Isolationists They wanted the United States to stay out of the war They wanted the United States to stay out of the war

128. Lend-Lease Law Lend lease law of 1941 helped Great Britian Lend lease law of 1941 helped Great Britian

129. Pearl Harbor The bombing of Pearl Harbor was the event that caused the United States to Join World War 2 The bombing of Pearl Harbor was the event that caused the United States to Join World War 2

130. Axis Powers Germany Germany Italy Italy Japan Japan

131. What was the Final Solution? The plan of German Leaders to rid Europe of Jews and other “undesirables” The plan of German Leaders to rid Europe of Jews and other “undesirables”

132. General Douglas MacArthur Commanded United States land forces on the Pacific Front. Commanded United States land forces on the Pacific Front.

133. Battle Of Midway Was a major turning point in the Pacific War. Was a major turning point in the Pacific War.

134. Manhattan Project Project To build an atomic Bomb. Project To build an atomic Bomb.

135. The Navajo Code Japanese were unable to break this american code. Japanese were unable to break this american code.

136. Home Front Rationing-Limited the amount of goods available to the public.

137. GI Bill Congress passed the bill to help veterans of World War 2 adjust to civillian life Congress passed the bill to help veterans of World War 2 adjust to civillian life