1. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Chapter 1 Informatics in the Healthcare Profession

2. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Data → Wisdom Data—characters, numbers, or facts gathered for analysis and possibly later action Information—interpreted data, i.e., B/P readings Knowledge—synthesis of information from several sources to produce a single concept Wisdom—occurs when knowledge is used appropriately to manage and solve problems

3. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Knowledge Work Healthcare settings are knowledge- intensive Exponential growth in knowledge Information technology supports evidence- based practice through just-in-time access to information Nurses detect patterns to create new knowledge

4. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Knowledge Worker Roles Data gatherer. Collects clinical data Information user. Interprets clinical data and uses it to monitor patients, aids with decisions Knowledge user. Compares data to current knowledge Knowledge builder. Amasses data to show patterns that can be interpreted using existing knowledge or used to create new knowledge

5. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Information vs. Knowledge Management Good information management provides the right information at the right time to the right people Knowledge management creates systems that enable organizations to tap into the knowledge, experiences, and creativity of their staff to improve their performance

6. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Informatics The art and science of turning data into information

7. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Medical informatics …application of information science and technology to acquire, process, organize, interpret, store, use, and communicate medical data in all of its forms in medical education, practice and research, patient care and health management

8. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Nursing informatics “…integrates nursing science, computer science, and information science to manage and communicate data, information, knowledge and wisdom into nursing practice. …facilitates the integration of data, information, knowledge and wisdom to support patients, nurses, and other providers in their decision-making in all roles and settings. This support is accomplished through the use of information structures, information processes, and information technology” (American Nurses Association [ANA] 2007, p. 1).

9. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Consumer Informatics Branch of medical informatics that studies the use of electronic information and communication to improve medical outcomes and the health care decision- making process from the patient/consumer perspective (AMIA May 3, 2007)

10. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Information Literacy …the ability to recognize when information is needed as well as the skills to find, evaluate, and use needed information effectively (Association of College and Research Libraries [ACRL] 2002)

11. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Informatics Competencies Entry level The experienced nurse The informatics nurse The informatics nurse specialist (INS) (ANA, 2007)

12. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Entry Level Competencies Basic computer skills Use information technology to support clinical and administrative processes Accesses data and charts electronically Support patient safety initiatives via the use of information technology Recognizes role of informatics in nursing

13. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Experienced Nurse Competencies Basic computer skills Supports specialty area, including quality improvement and other activities, via IT Uses evidence based databases Promotes technology applications Uses information systems and works with IT staff to enact system improvements

14. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Informatics Nurse Proficient with informatics applications to support all areas of nursing practice Fiscal management Integration of multidisciplinary language/standards of practice Demonstrates critical thinking, data management, decision-making, and system development and computer skills Identifies/provides data for decision- making

15. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Informatics Nurse Specialist More sophisticated level of understanding and skills Innovator Conducts informatics research and generates informatics theory

16. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Forces Driving Information Technology Push for patient safety The nursing shortage The move towards evidence-based practice Genomics Demands for cost-efficient, quality care Research Pay for performance

17. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar The Push for Patient Safety Accurate Patient Identification Computerized Provider Order Entry (CPOE) E-Prescribing Bar-Code and RFID Medication Administration Decision support software (DSS)

18. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar The Nursing Shortage Flight out of the profession Aging nurses Workflow changes to support nurses

19. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Evidence-Based Practice Move towards “proven” interventions Driven by demands for greater quality and cost efficiency Provides greater consistency in care from institution-to-institution and provider to provider

20. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Genomics The study of genes and their function with the subsequent ability to tailor treatments to the individual Outgrowth of demands for quality and efficiency Means to provide care tailored to the individual

21. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Demands for Quality, Affordable Care Online report cards Consumer transparency Remote clinical monitoring Disease management Magnet hospital movement

22. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Informatics Benefits Prompts to improve documentation Improved safety with better patient identification, decision support, and tracking Improved communication and access to information Support for work processes Improved records Decreased redundancy Increased convenience Improved data collection

23. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar Educational Opportunities Information technology expands access to all types of education primarily through the use of the Internet Formal and information programs exist to promote informatics skills Web searches can be used to locate information on specific programs

24. Copyright ©2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458 All rights reserved. Handbook of Informatics for Nurses and Healthcare Professionals, Fourth Edition Toni Lee Hebda and Patricia Czar The Future Help clinicians to develop needed competencies Develop and implement information technology Generate new knowledge New roles with consumers New technology—genomics, robotics, wearable monitoring devices, developments in educational technology