1. Permaculture Workshop Fiona Morris - Atelier Rabbit FEI Capita Selecta - Wageningen University - 22-07-2015 fiona.morris@atelierrabbit.comwww.atelierrabbit.com Illustration by Cecilia Macaulay

2. Overview: Zoning exercise Design method summary What is Permaculture?

3. PERMANENT AGRICULTURE

4. Definitions:...the conscious design and management of agriculturally productive ecosystems which have the diversity, stability, and resilience of natural ecosystems....the harmonious integration of landscape and people providing their food, energy, shelter, and other material and non-material needs in a sustainable way. (Bill Mollison, 1988)

5. Philosophy: working with, rather than against, nature; observation before action; looking at systems in all their functions, rather than asking only one yield of them; allowing systems to demonstrate their own evolutions (working with sucession) – self-organisation & ecomimicry concepts.

6. Concept first published, 1978, Australia ‘Permaculture 1: A perennial agricultural system for human settlements’

7. How observing natural, sustainable, productive systems...

8. ...could inspire people to take responsibility through designing productive ecosystems with integral conservation, land repair, and social sustainability

9. Spread from self- sufficiency agriculture to: Horticulture Architecture Ecology Economic systems Land access strategies Development Permaculture design application:

10. ‘Permablitzing’......to painting... (Melbourne, Australia - www.permablitz.net)(City Repair, USA)

11. ...and grassroots sustainability movements:

12. ≈ 2015 The Last Oil Shock by David Strahan (2007)

13. IMF FOOD PRICE INDEX IMF OIL PRICE INDEX €

14. 2-10 = 1

15. BBC Documentary (2009) – www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJMgfKqKXwY www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJMgfKqKXwY Alternatives to industrial mono-cropping for the challenge of diminishing resources and biodiversity…

16. Rebecca Hosking – Devon, UK

17. Landscape restoration, community, education, & economy… Julius Piti, CELUK project Chikukwa, Zimbabwe

18. The stream dried-up, and the land was eroding... Help from a permaculture centre stimulated: –return of water flow –land recovery –improved productivity –peer-to-peer learning –an organic, community-based NGO http://permaculturenews.org/2013/08/15/the- chikukwa-permaculture-project-zimbabwe-the-full- story/ http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jTMWsjG0N-0

19. Permaculture design system:

20. EARTH CARE: Care of all living & non-living things – harmless, ethical, & rehabilitative activities. Provision for all life systems to continue and increase. PEOPLE CARE: Provision for people’s basic material and social needs to avoid broadscale destructive practices. Promoting self-reliance & community responsibility. FAIR SHARES: Contribution of surplus time, money, & energy to achieve the aims of earth & people care. Setting limits to population and consumption: by governing our own needs, we can set time and resources aside to further the above principles. ETHICS (Mollison & Holmgren,1978)

21. Ecological, attitudinal & spatial design principles such as: Create a yield All elements are multi-functional Important functions are supported by many components Let nature do the work Diversity (for stability) PRINCIPLES

22. ETHICS PRINCIPLES SYSTEMS THINKING Interactive components in synergistic, interconnective organisation

23. Animal management Crop management Water management Soil management Cycling of energy/materials Weed management Pest management Permaculture Approach Techniques are site & issue dependent – there are no universal templates AGRO- ECOLOGY TECHNIQUES

24. ETHICS PRINCIPLES SYSTEMS THINKING ZONING SECTOR ANALYSIS Systematic assessment of abiotic and biotic influences on the space

25. ZONING = Energy planning

26. ...to mushrooms. ZONE 0 House/village/centre of human activity ZONE 1 (home garden) 6-12m periphery. Frequent use/ high maintenance/ constant observation. ZONE 2 (home orchard) Less intensive - animals/perennials/orchard/ structures. ZONE 3 (farm-scale) Broad-scale farming – crops/ water-storage/ managed woodland. ZONE 4 (managed woodland) Wild forage/ fuel - pasture/ range/ water-storage. ZONE 5 (wilderness) Natural/ unmanaged – where you learn the rules to apply elsewhere. The relationship between accessibility and intensity of use of space (input-output).

27. ...to mushrooms.

31. ZONE 0 House/village/centre of human activity ZONE 1 (home garden) 6-12m periphery. Frequent use/ high maintenance/ constant observation. ZONE 2 (home orchard) Less intensive - animals/perennials/orchard/ structures. ZONE 3 (farm-scale) Broad-scale farming – crops/ water-storage/ managed woodland. ZONE 4 (managed woodland) Wild forage/ fuel - pasture/ range/ water-storage. ZONE 5 (wilderness) Natural/ unmanaged – where you learn the rules to apply elsewhere. The relationship between accessibility and intensity of use of space (input-output).

32. A few resources: Introduction to Permaculture, Mollison & Slay Permaculture: A Designers' Manual, Bill Mollison (WUR library) Farm for the Future - BBC Documentary (2009) www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJMgfKqKXwY Fordhall Farm - Grass pasture system: www.fordhallfarm.com/fordhall_farm.php?pid=9 Martin Crawford - Agro-forestry Research Trust: www.agroforestry.co.uk (EN) UK Permaculture Association: www.permaculture.org.uk/ (NL) Permacultuur Nederland: www.permaculture.org.uk/ Plants for a Future - database: www.pfaf.org