1. Derechos Indigenas, Conocimiento Tradicional e Identidad Indigenous Rights, Traditional Knowledge & Identity Theme Synthesizers: Eckart Boege, Vincenzo Lauriola, Peggy Smith & Sondra Wentzel Reporters/Relatores: Rohini Chaturvedi, Diego Valencia Korosi, Deepshikha Mehra, Cecilia Mello, Raquel Casas Nogales, Peggy Smith, Rocio Olivera Toro, Sondra Wentzel

2. Overview Introducción 12 panels + 2 side sessions with indigenous representatives from Brazil (+ many other papers in other themes) Sub-themes: Indigenous rights, governance, knowledge, use of resources, economic development Contested resources: minerals, oil & gas, timber & non-timber forest products, water, fish & wildlife, pasture, genetic resources, funding ……

3. Overview Introducción (cont´d) Geographic locales: Latin America: Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Venezuela North America: Canada, United States Asia & Oceania: Australia, Bangladesh, India, Indonesia, Nepal Africa: Zambia, Zimbabwe

4. Indigenous Rights Derechos Indígenas Wide variation in recognition of rights from constitutional to use rights to none Rights & governance inextricably linked Threats: Expropriation/incursion of Indigenous lands, language & cultural extinction…. Co-existence of Indigenous rights with state & private rights Defended & will continue to be defended by Indigenous Peoples Free, full, prior & informed consent Compensation

5. Governance Gobernabilidad Self-determination first, conservation second Integrity of traditional governance systems, including customary law & common property Cross-scale linkages & relationships between Indigenous institutions & public administration : not restricted to local level, but negotiated at regional, national & international levels Need to review sectoral policies to ensure appropriateness for Indigenous Peoples Create “space”/”middle ground” for negotiations/conflict management with State

6. Knowledge & Land Use Conocimiento y uso de la tierra Cultural diversity linked with biodiversity & conservation Knowledge: element of self-determination Indigenous knowledge & management systems still invisible or ignored Beware commercialization & appropriation: who benefits?

7. Economic Development Desarrollo Económico Equity/justice in benefit-sharing from resources Development of markets for resource products & environmental services State restricts access to resources for “subsistence” but traditional systems include commerce & trade Appropriate economic development, including poverty alleviation measures—to be decided by Indigenous communities Market integration not necessarily bad; Indigenous communities to decide how to transform their economies & institutions

8. Research Challenges Desafíos para la Investigación Researchers need to understand, respect & promote Indigenous rights & land uses Address institutional issue of reconciling State regulations with customary laws Need for cross-continental comparative studies with Indigenous communities Use appropriate research methods, including participatory research approaches Support Indigenous Peoples to speak for themselves at conferences & in research projects.