1. Status Report on Bottom-Tracking ADCPs & ADPs David S. Mueller Office of Surface Water

2. Topics for Presentation ADCP & ADP Usage ADCP & ADP Usage Benefits Benefits Applications Applications QA/QC Efforts QA/QC Efforts New Developments New Developments

3. Profilers in the USGS 165 River Profilers = $4,100,000

4. Benefits Measures Profiles in the whole cross section Measures Profiles in the whole cross section Doesn’t assume log velocity profile Doesn’t assume log velocity profile Handles bidirectional flows Handles bidirectional flows

5. Benefits Less time and equipment on bridges Less time and equipment on bridges No lines in the water (debris risk reduced) No lines in the water (debris risk reduced) Multiple deployment options Multiple deployment options

6. Typical Deployment Methods

7. Tethered from Cableway

8. Maine’s Bank Operated Cableway

9. Alaska’s Seaplane

10. Maine’s Canoe Deployment

11. Remote Control Boat Demo

12. SFWMD Remote Boat

13. OceanScience R/C Boat Available Now Max. Vel. 5.5 fps

14. Applications Measure Flow Distribution Measure Flow Distribution Evaluate Aquatic Habitat Evaluate Aquatic Habitat Calibrate and Validate Numerical Models Calibrate and Validate Numerical Models Visualize Flow Fields Visualize Flow Fields Qualitatively Assess Suspended Sediments Qualitatively Assess Suspended Sediments

15. Flow Distribution

16. Flow Field Measurements

17. Numerical Model Validation

18. Sacramento River at Delta Cross Channel Courtesy of Randal Dinehart, California District Survey Grid

19. Flow Animation

20. Animation of Backscatter Changes

21. QA/QC Efforts to Date Tow Tank Tests Tow Tank Tests Marginal success due to limits of tow tanks Marginal success due to limits of tow tanks

22. Efforts to Date -- continued Discharge Comparisons Discharge Comparisons Broadband tests: Morlock, 1996 Broadband tests: Morlock, 1996 Rio Grande and RiverSurveyor tests: Mueller, 2003 Rio Grande and RiverSurveyor tests: Mueller, 2003

23. Sample Data

24. Variation in Rio Grande Meas. DEVIATION FROM MEAN OF ALL PASSES, IN PERCENT 12312341212 -5 -4 -3 -2 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Kankakee R. at Shelby, IN Kankakee R. at Dunns Bridge, IN Missouri R. at Hermann, MO Mississippi R. at Chester, IL 1.9 2.31.71.02.42.21.71.01.20.71.0

25. Variation in RiverSurveyor Meas. -10 -8 -6 -4 -2 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 DEVIATION FROM MEAN OF ALL PASSES, IN PERCENT 1231234 Kankakee R. at Shelby, IN Kankakee R. at Dunns Bridge, IN 4.1 3.95.63.75.45.03.8

26. Variation in Bottom Track and GPS BT GPS BTGPS SITE AND NAVIGATION REFERENCE -10 -5 0 5 DEVIATION FROM MEAN OF ALL PASSES, IN PERCENT Missouri River GROUP 1 GROUP 2 BT GPS Mississippi River GROUP 1 GROUP 2 GPS 2.2%2.3%4.4%1.7% 0.7% 1.2%1.0% 600 kHz Rio Grande

27. Summary of Results On average, all acoustic measurements were with 5% of Price AA or rating On average, all acoustic measurements were with 5% of Price AA or rating Higher frequency units will detect a moving bottom more often and will require use of DGPS more frequently Higher frequency units will detect a moving bottom more often and will require use of DGPS more frequently COV was lower for RDI instruments COV was lower for RDI instruments COV was higher when using DGPS COV was higher when using DGPS

28. Efforts to Date -- continued Velocity Comparisons Velocity Comparisons Rio Grande: Gartner, 2002 Rio Grande: Gartner, 2002 ADV ADCP

29. Current QA/QC Efforts Rio Grande Testing Rio Grande Testing Water Mode 11 Water Mode 11 Water Mode 12 Water Mode 12 Bottom Mode 7 Bottom Mode 7 RiverSurveyor Testing RiverSurveyor Testing New Software New Software Shallow-Water Ping Shallow-Water Ping Bottom-Track Algorithms Bottom-Track Algorithms

30. Current QA/QC Efforts Flow Disturbance Flow Disturbance Simple cylinder Simple cylinder Fully-developed flow Fully-developed flow Approach velocity = 4 ft/s Approach velocity = 4 ft/s Flow is from right to left with a y-axis cutting plane at approximately the center of the cylinder. Flow is from right to left with a y-axis cutting plane at approximately the center of the cylinder.

31. Current QA/QC Efforts GPS Evaluation GPS Evaluation StreamPro Evaluation StreamPro Evaluation

32. Current QA/QC Efforts Number of Passes Number of Passes 1 24 6 8 NUMBER OF PASSES -10 -5 0 5 10 DEVIATION FROM MEAN OF ALL PASSES, IN PERCENT RD INSTRUMENTS SONTEK

33. Future Developments Phased Array Technology Phased Array Technology 2.8 inches in diameter 2.8 inches in diameter 58 x 58 elements 58 x 58 elements Replaces 4 individual ceramics Replaces 4 individual ceramics Still in development Still in development

34. Next Generation ADCP Dual Frequency Operation – For shallow & deep rivers: Dual Frequency Operation – For shallow & deep rivers: 600 kHz for accurate bottom tracking & deep water profiling 600 kHz for accurate bottom tracking & deep water profiling 2400 kHz for high resolution shallow water profiling 2400 kHz for high resolution shallow water profiling Flat face for minimum flow disturbance Flat face for minimum flow disturbance 5” X 5” cylinder 5” X 5” cylinder

35. Next Generation Field Vehicle Great morale builder Great morale builder Great recruiting tool Great recruiting tool No need to maintain boats No need to maintain boats Built-in ADCP and computer Built-in ADCP and computer

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