1. Primary Insomnia Francisco Perez Psychology Period 4

2. Primary insomnia Difficulty sleeping in various forms: trouble falling asleep, frequent awakening, or getting a full night’s sleep but not feeling rested.

3. Associated Features An impact of insomnia can be a high risk of depression DSM-IV-TR Criteria The predominant complaint is difficulty initiating or maintaining sleep, or nonrestorative sleep, for at least 1 month. The sleep disturbance (or associated daytime fatigue) causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, occupational, or other important areas of functioning.

4. Associated features The sleep disturbance does not occur exclusively during the course of narcolepsy, breathing-related sleep disorder, circadian rhythm sleep disorder, or a parasomnia. The disturbance does not exclusively occur during the course of another mental disorder The disturbance is not due to the direct physiological effects of a substance (e.g., a drug of abuse, a medication) or a general medical condition

5. Etiology The cause can be different for everyone but involves something that holds the attention of the mind with the inability to sleep or worry about sleep. Insomnia can be caused by stress. Stress leads to tension and anxiety resulting in awakening. Therefore, people become frustrated and get accustomed to a poor sleep hygiene.

6. Prevalence Primary insomnia Is more common in women occurs up to 10% adults Occurs up to 25% of elderly adults

7. Treatment Relaxation and staying attached to a predetermined sleep cycle. The person would make a schedule when he or she can and cannot sleep. For example, the person may go to bed at 11p.m. and get out of bed up at 6a.m. regardless if they got any sleep. They also have no other time to sleep during the day. Healthy eating. Sleep hygiene is recommended in self care at home. If it is followed and insomnia continues to occur then medications such as benzodiazepines can be used.

8. Treatment Eliminate the use of caffeine, especially after noon. Do not use tobacco or alcohol near bedtime. Avoid heavy meals close to bedtime. Exercise early in the day before dinner to release stress, but not before bedtime. Avoid daytime naps. minimize light and noise.

9. prognosis In some patients, improvement in sleep leads to an improved quality of life Prognosis is good since the body has a need for sleep and it would adjust to recover the lack of sleep.

10. References 7 November 2004.Primary insomnia. Retrieved from http://allpsych.com/disorders/sleep/insom nia.html http://allpsych.com/disorders/sleep/insom Ranjan, a. (n.d.) Primary Insomnia. Retrieved from http://www.emedicinehealth.com/primary _insomnia/article_em.htm http://www.emedicinehealth.com/primary _ Myers, d.g. (2011). Myers’ psychology for ap. New york, ny: worth publishers

11. Discussion In what ways can primary insomnia be conditioned? What can be used to treat and prevent primary insomnia?