1. Schools as Knowledge Building Organizations
Marlene Scardamalia and Carl Bereiter Ontario Institute for Studies in Education of the University of Toronto

2. Schools as service organizations
aimed at the promotion of learning in their clients, the students
School reform – for a better service (above)
New standards and new curricula
Layers of management
Site-based management
Teacher control over curriculum

3. A knowledge society
What kind of education will best prepare students for life ?
flexibility,
creativity,
problem-solving ability,
technological literacy,
information-finding skills, and
a lifelong readiness to learn.

4. Another way
Experience in a learning organization
The function of schools
from that of service provider to that of a productive enterprise to which the students are contributors
The role of students
From clients to participants in producing new knowledge (constructing collective knowledge)

5. Schools as Knowledge Building Organizations
Knowledge-Building Community –
a group of individuals dedicated to sharing and advancing the knowledge of the collective (in the society)
an elementary school class that takes a knowledge building approach is to construct an understanding of the world as they know it.
aimed at developing from an early age the social practices that make people responsible participants in the work of a knowledge society.

6. The class that takes a knowledge building approach
Student
Teacher
Student
The world:
Knowledge problems
Student
Teacher
Expert
Student

7. Knowledge building pedagogy
Problem focus versus topic focus
Production of knowledge objects versus media objects
Contribution versus display
Theory improvement versus finding answers
Sustained versus single-pass knowledge creation
Public versus person-to-person communication
Opportunity for reflection versus 1-second wait time

8. CSILE(Computer Supported Intentional Learning Environments)
CSILE is a networked, collaborative learning environment designed to support a classroom-based Knowledge-Building Community (expanding the knowledge building community)
Each computer workstation is connected to a multimedia database that contains the ongoing research of the class
Each student's files are segregated into a separate folder or "account“
All files are placed in a common area (which in CSILE are called "notes"), viewable by all.
CSILE Allows students to connect their notes to the notes of others
share information, answer each other questions, and provide advice

9. a second generation CSILE product http://www.learn.motion.com
Knowledge Forum
a second generation CSILE product

21. Study Activities For access For usernames and passwords
For usernames and passwords
From guest1 to guest 10
For better viewing
Install client (No Chinese characters)

22. User interactions by
creating notes which users “contribute” for the knowledge base
quoting the work of their peers
building on the work of their peers
co-authoring notes
annotating work
rising above a series of notes to synthesize the ideas in a way that creates a knowledge advance
publishing (after peer voting) their best work for peers to read and comment on

23. Interface design
Scaffolds that direct users toward particular cognitive operations
Keywords that help users focus on concepts
My reader to organize users’ own readings
Visualized Links (build-on, reference) between notes
Pictures to facilitate discussions

24. Another approach of courseware design
To mimics the cognitive processes of expert learners
To help students
Learn how to learn
Learn how to set cognitive goals
Learn to apply effective strategies for comprehension, self-monitoring, and organization of knowledge