1. Linear Trend Lines = b 0 + b 1 X t Where is the dependent variable being forecasted X t is the independent variable being used to explain Y. In Linear Trend Lines, X t is assumed to be t. b 1 is the slope of the line, determined by Excel b 0 is the y-intercept of the line, determined by Excel

2. Tools Data Analysis Regression

3. Coefficient of Determination: R-square Proportion of variation in Y around its mean that is accounted for by the regression model 0 <= R 2 <= 1 Will always increase as add more independent variables into regression model. Use adjusted R 2 to compare when more than one independent variable is used

4. Standard Error of the line: S e The standard deviation of estimation errors The measure of amount of scatter around the regression line Can be used as a rough rule of thumb for predicting level of accuracy.

5. Excel’s Trend Function =trend(known y-range, known x-range, new x) Where known y-range are the cells that hold known values for the y variable Where known x-range are the cells that hold known values for the x variable Where new x is the cell or value for which the y variable is to be forecasted

6. The Quadratic Trend Model

7. Simple Linear Regression: Example You want to examine the linear dependency of the annual sales of produce stores on their size in square footage. Sample data for seven stores were obtained. Find the equation of the straight line that fits the data best. Annual Store Square Sales Feet($1000) 1 1,726 3,681 2 1,542 3,395 3 2,816 6,653 4 5,555 9,543 5 1,292 3,318 6 2,208 5,563 7 1,313 3,760

8. Scatter Diagram: Example Excel Output

9. Equation for the Sample Regression Line: Example From Excel Printout:

10. Graph of the Sample Regression Line: Example Y i = 1636.415 +1.487X i 

11. Interpretation of Results: Example The slope of 1.487 means that for each increase of one unit in X, we predict the average of Y to increase by an estimated 1.487 units. The model estimates that for each increase of one square foot in the size of the store, the expected annual sales are predicted to increase by $1487.